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The aim is to identify reserves for reducing of children and adolescents mortality from injuries, poisoning and some other external causes consequences, to determine possible ways of reducing. Materials and methods. An analysis of official statistics and a special epidemiological study (NMIC in 30 constituent entities of the Russian Federation) of child mortality from external reasons was carried out. Results. The analysis of official statistics showed an increase in the share of external causes in the structure of mortality of the child population of the Russian Federation of all age groups, among which a large part are injuries without clarification, which may be due to difficulties in assessing the causes of children death from accidents. The next ranking places for children are traffic accidents and drowning, and for teenagers - suicides and traffic accidents. Gender and regional features of accident mortality are presented. Attention was drawn to the importance of injuries with uncertain intentions in assessing the causes of child death. The epidemiological study results were comparable to official data. Conclusion. Features of children mortality from external causes should be taken into account when forming measures for its prevention. The improvement of medical care system for the children population should be carried out through implementation of effective modern technologies of medical and social support and taking into account the principles of intersectoral and interdepartmental cooperation.

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Introduction. The current legal framework for the education of children with health limitations was created after the conceptual provisions and international acts to ensure equal children’s opportunities and access to free educational services without any type of discrimination. Regulatory documents contain the general rules for organization of educational activities and medical support in an educational institution, without specific recommendations for health strengthening and preservation of children with health limitations, taking into account the nature and severity of the disorder, as well as the combination thereof, which is a separate urgent state problem. This study was initiated to analyze the current situation with health protection of special needs children in educational institutions. The detection of organizational difficulties and legal restraints will allow to determine the remedial measures and prepare the proposals for the improvement of the educational system. Materials and Methods. The content analysis of the applicable regulatory legal documents of the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation between 2012–2020 revealed urgent problems pertinent to the enforcement of legislative initiatives in the field of education and health protection of students with health limitations in various educational environments. Results. The study confirmed the hypothesis of the variability of the current organizational problems regarding health strengthening and preservation of students in an educational organization, including the weak legal and regulatory framework. The health-preserving environment of an educational organization is proved to have a combination of factors: availability of special educational and technical equipment to meet special educational needs of students, taking into account the severity of the physical dysfunction; the compliance of the tightness of timetable, number of lessons and the educational load with children’s health state and individual psychological capabilities; availability of separate rest and restoration rooms; availability of up-to-date rehabilitation equipment for health strengthening of children with health limitations in the educational institution’s environment; staffing with teachers and medical specialists who are aware of modern technologies of handling children with health limitations. Discussion and Conclusion. The study results can be facilitative of the development of the system of monitoring during the organization of the educational process and the variability of health protection conditions for students with health limitations in an educational organization as the method of prompt detection and elimination of adverse factors and, hence, mitigation of social risks and solving of one of the priority state tasks.

72 cases of parents’ cruelty to children suffering from various forms of chronic pathology have been analyzed. Medical and social criteria for diagnosing child abuse in the family have been selected. Parents’ cruelty to children was found to be revealed mainly in cases with neurological diseases (44.4%) and patients suffering from chronic respiratory pathology (20.8%), digestion (13.9%). Child abuse in the family did not depend on the child gender, had a close connection with his age and was registered with respect to the children of the senior preschool - 14 cases. (19.4%) and junior schoolchildren - 18 cases (25%) of the ages. In 86% of cases, child abuse was associated with parental disregard for the treatment of children. The authors believe the identified diagnostic criteria to contribute to the creation of an algorithm for the actions of specialists in monitoring and preventing disregard to the treatment of chronically ill children in the family.