Studies were conducted to determine the utility of lysate antigens for rapid evaluation of the local entero-3 vaccine, antigens were prepared from cell cultures infected with bovine rota virus (BRV) and bovine corona virus (BCV) as well as from Enterotoxigenic E. coli strain K99. Prepared antigens were tested with field serum samples collected from both late pregnant entero-3 vaccinated cows and their offsprings using different serological assays including: microagglutination test, indirect ELISA and immunofluorescent antibody technique. Results of this endeavor were correlated to that of the standard virus neutralization test. The locally prepared antigens were proved useful for vaccine evaluation. Moreover, these antigens are recommended for both detection and assessment post vaccination or post infection of sero-conversion against BRV, BCV and E. coli.

In the present study, the humoral immune response developed following vaccination with the live-attenuated (Smithburn) Rift Valley fever (RVF) vaccine in sheep, goats, cattle, buffaloes and camels was investigated.Results showed that, serum neutralizing antibody titers of RVF virus started to appear in the sera of all vaccinated animals with live-attenuated Rift valley fever vaccine after the first week post-vaccination and reached its peak after the third month of vaccination. It persisted to be higher than the acceptable limit of protection (>40) in the sera of sheep and goats in more than 6 months post-vaccination while it declined in the sera of cattle, buffaloes and camels to become lower than the acceptable limit of protection (<40) after the sixth month post-vaccination. On the other hand, the serum neutralizing antibody titers remained negative in the sera of non-vaccinated (control) animals throughout the study.It could be concluded that, the neutralizing antibodies following vaccination of cattle, buffaloes and camels with live attenuated RVF (Smithburn) vaccine was low and of a short duration compared with those in sheep and goats. Hence, it is important to prepare a new vaccine which is safe and gives a high immune response for long period in cattle, buffaloes and camels instead of live attenuated (Smithburn) RVF vaccine to protect these animals species against this disease.

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Convincing seroimmunological studies were conducted to explore the influence of sheep pox vaccine on the immune response to pneumo-4 vaccine in vaccinated sheep, when it is administrated before, after and simultaneously. The experiment was conducted on eighteen susceptible sheep divided into 6 equal groups. Groups 1 and 5 were vaccinated with pneumo-4 vaccine and sheep pox vaccine respectively regarded as control vaccinated groups. Sheep pox vaccine was administered simultaneously with pneumo-4 in Group (2), before and after pneumo-4 vaccine in groups (3 and 4) respectively. The sixth group being left as a non-vaccinated control. The developed antibodies against different antigens incorporated in the used vaccines were monitored by using both serum neutralization test (SNT) and ELISA. The results showed that when sheep pox was administered one-week before vaccination with pneumo-4, the highest antibody titres were developed followed by these induced by simultaneous vaccination in group (2). So, the result explores the immunopotentiating effect of sheep pox vaccine on the immune response of sheep to pneumo-4 vaccine specially when it is administered one week before the other vaccine.