The predominant causative agent of urinary tract infections in children and adults is Escherichia coli , but it is necessary to appreciate the importance of other Gram-negative rods, especially in newborns. Antibiotic resistance rates are also different in children and in adult care units due to many factors and therapeutical guidelines.The aim of this retrospective study was to show the local prevalence and resistance patterns of uropathogens in certain clinics of university and present the distribution of uropathogens in different age groups. Therefore, 4833 positive samples were analysed. E. coli was found to be the highest prevalent causative agent in every adult care unit, but some differences in other causative agents could have been detected. Three types of antimicrobial agents showed decreasing susceptibility rates: trimethoprim/sulfamethoxasole, cephalosporins and quinolones; but there were differences in resistance among the 8 investigated inpatient wards.

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Biofilm-forming Staphylococcus epidermidis strains are common cause of the periprosthetic infection. The treatment of the periprosthetic infection is very problematic, so the prevention of these infections by an antibiotic containing prothesis could be an option for prevention.The purpose of the present study was to examine the in vitro effects of drug delivery systems (DDSs), namely Wax 1 and Wax 2 with different vancomycin content: 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 mg. In order to control the antibacterial activity of DDSs killing curve study was performed and in order to determine the antibiotic release and the antibiotic peak concentration from the DDSs biological assay was carried out.The time kill curve studies showed, that both DDSs with all vancomycin concentration decreased significantly the bacterial counts, however, Wax 2 with 4 mg vancomycin significantly decreased the bacterial count than all the other groups.The vancomycin release was the best with the highest peak concentration from DDSs with 4 mg vancomycin contain; it was significantly better than in the other groups, however, no significant difference was observed between Wax 1 and Wax 2 in this respect.These findings suggest that Wax 2 with 4 mg vancomycin content could be a potential agent for clinical use.

In this study antibiotic combinations for multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strains were investigated. The study included a colistin-susceptible and a colistin-resistant KPC-2 producing K. pneumoniae ST258 strains isolated in 2008 and 2009 during an outbreak in Hungary. Antibiotic combinations were analyzed by checkerboard technique and fractional inhibitory concentration indices were calculated. The following antibiotics were tested: ceftazidime, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, ampicillin, imipenem, ertapenem, amikacin, tobramycin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, rifampicin, polymyxin B and colistin. Combinations including 0.25 μg/ml colistin plus 1 μg/ml rifampicin, 0.25 μg/ml polymyxin B plus 1 μg/ml rifampicin, 1 μg/ml imipenem plus 2 μg/ml tobramycin, were found synergistic.These in vitro synergistic combinations suggest potential therapeutical options against infections caused by KPC-2 producing, multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae ST258.