Background and Aim: The pathology of leprosy is determined by the host immune response to Mycobacterium leprae. Almost 40% of patients with leprosy undergo immune-mediated inflammatory episodes such as type 1 reactions and Erythema Nodosum Leprosum (ENL or type 2 reactions). Regulatory T (Treg) is a subset of T cells that are involved in the immune response. Treg cells express Forkhead Box P3 (FoxP3), which plays a role in suppressing the immune response. FoxP3 may work alongside Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGF-β) to down-regulate T cells responses, leading to the antigen-specific anergy associated with leprosy, whereas ENL occurrs mostly in multibacillary leprosy patients. Based on that, the aim of our study was to analyze Treg FoxP3 and TGF-β mRNA expression in type 2 reactions ENL with Mycobacterium leprae infection. Methods: Forty-nine newly diagnosed multibacillary (MB) leprosy patients attending the Dermatovenereology Clinic of Leprosy Subdivision, Sanglah General Hospital, Denpasar, Indonesia, were included in the study. The study group consists of 25 leprosy patients with ENL and 24 non-ENL leprosy patients. Twenty-five patients were included in the study as healthy controls. In this study, Treg FoxP3 and TGF-β mRNA expressions were identified with the Real-time PCR method. Analysis of Variant (ANOVA), Chi-square test and odds ratio (OR) calculation were used; p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The result of this study showed that the mean of Treg FoxP3 mRNA expression was 13.3 ± 2.9 on ENL leprosy patients, 11.6 ± 4.1 on non-ENL, and 9.3 ± 1.2 on healthy controls. The mean of TGF-β mRNA expression was 11.7 ± 2.7 on ENL leprosy patients, 9.5 ± 3.6 on non-ENL, and 9.3 ± 1.2 in healthy patients. Statistical analysis for Treg FoxP3 and TGF-β mRNA level between ENL, non-ENL patients and healthy control group showed significance at p<0.05. Conclusion: From this study, it was concluded that higher Treg FoxP3 and TGF-β mRNA expressions were found in type 2 reaction ENL patients with Mycobacterium leprae infection. The role played by Treg FoxP3 and TGF-β in type 2 reaction episodes can possibly provide a new target for the treatment of this still-challenging complication of leprosy. Further studies are required to determine the involvement of other cytokines in type 2 reaction ENL patients.

AbstrakMemberikan kepuasan secara konsisten kepada pelanggan dapat membuat pelanggan menjadi loyal kepada perusahaan. Sikap loyal pelanggan kepada perusahaan akan sangat membantu perusahaan untuk dapat bertahan dalam persaingan bisnis karena pelanggan merupakan sumber pendapatan dari perusahaan. Relationship marketing adalah salah satu strategi pemasaran yang bisa digunakan untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut. Melalui strategi relational benefits, perusahaan dapat memberikan manfaat atas hubungan antara perusahaan dan pelanggan. Penelitian ini dilakukan di bengkel PT Honda Dewata Motor dengan responden sebanyak 153 orang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa confidence benefits dan social benefits berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepuasan dan loyalitas pelanggan bengkel. Special treatment benefits tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kepuasan dan loyalitas pelanggan bengkel. Selanjutnya, kepuasan pelanggan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap loyalitas pelanggan bengkel. Keywords: Relational benefits, customer satisfaction, customer loyalty PendahuluanPerusahaan selalu dituntut untuk dapat menyesuaikan diri dengan perubahan-perubahan yang terjadi. Jika tidak dilakukan, eksistensi perusahaan akan terancam, dan perusahaan tidak akan mampu untuk bertahan di dalam persaingan yang semakin hari semakin ketat. Dalam menghadapi hal ini, perusahaan dituntut untuk mampu senantiasa memberikan kepuasaan bagi pelanggan karena pelanggan merupakan sumber pendapatan dari perusahaan. Memberikan kepuasan secara konsisten kepada pelanggan dapat membuat pelanggan menjadi loyal kepada perusahaan. Sikap loyal pelanggan kepada perusahaan akan sangat membantu perusahaan untuk dapat bertahan di dalam persaingan bisnis (Leverin & Liljander, 2006). Loyalitas tidak dapat muncul dalam waktu yang singkat. Perusahaan harus dapat secara konsisten menjaga kepuasan pelanggan dalam jangka panjang. Memiliki pelanggan yang loyal tentu akan sangat menguntungkan bagi perusahaan (Eisingerich & Bell, 2006).Kepuasaan pelanggan merupakan suatu hal yang sangat krusial dalam menentukan sukses atau tidaknya suatu bisnis (Kau & Elizabeth, 2006). Memberikan kepuasan secara konsisten kepada pelanggan bukanlah perkara mudah. Alrubaiee and Nahla (2010) berpendapat bahwa perubahaan yang terjadi kini cenderung membuat pelanggan semakin mudah dalam menentukan pilihan dan mengambil suatu keputusan. Ini dikarenakan mudahnya mendapatkan informasi membuat pelanggan semakin pintar, dan mampu mengevaluasi produk mana yang mampu memenuhi harapannya atas apa yang dijanjikan oleh pemasar dalam kegiatan komunikasi pemasaran. Menghadapi tantangan tersebut, perusahaan harus mulai melakukan penyesuaian strategi. Perusahaan yang dulunya

The purpose of this study is to explain the role of brand image and customer commitment in mediating the effect of service quality on customer loyalty. The population in this study is customers at Kedonganan Village Credit Institution. The purposive sampling method has been used with 130 respondents included. Questionnaires were distributed and the result are analyzed using PLS (Partial Least Square) technique. The results of this study indicate that service quality has a positive and significant effect on brand image, customer commitment, and customer loyalty at Kedonganan Village Credit Institution. There was a significant role of brand image and customer commitment in mediating the effect of service quality on customer loyalty at Kedonganan Village Credit Institution. In order to improve brand image and customer commitment, it is hoped that Kedonganan Village Credit Institution will be able to provide faster service, attractive promotions, and technology improvement to encourage customer loyalty.

Technological advances, especially during the Pademi19 era, demand the use of technology in all fields. The company is engaged in online retailing because consumers worldwide in developed and developing markets shop online to buy products. It also changes the behavior patterns of the world community in general and the Indonesian people in particular in carrying out their daily activities. In this literature, it becomes increasingly important to understand the factors that influence online shopping repurchase intention. This study aims to explain the integration of TAM in influencing online repurchase intentions. The sample used as many as 182 respondents using purposive sampling techniques, namely men or women aged between 18 to 36 years, have a minimum of high school education or equivalent and live in Denpasar. Data were analyzed PLS (Partial Least Square) analysis technique using SEM. The results of the research variable perceptions of reliability, perceived privacy and perceptions of web design have a positive and significant effect on repurchase intention. The role of customer service perception mediates the effect of web design on repurchase intention.

Background: Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae and generally manifest as neurodegenerative disorder which may lead to permanent disability. Whether its prevalence tend to be decreased, new and relaps case, complication such as skin reaction, and disability remain problematic whether in much smaller magnitude. Objective: In this study, we observe the prevalence of subclinical leprosy in population who live with leprosy patients in order to determine the rate of transmission and initiate early treatment for those with subclinical disease as well as providing data for future research. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in dermatology and genital clinic of Sanglah General Hospital from may 2016 to August 2016 which included all patient’ family that agreed to be enrolled. The leprosy status of the sample was evaluated using lateral flow test that detect IgM anti-PGL-1 in the serum. Results: 28 leprosy patients and 73 contact person were enrolled in this study. Among the patients, 21 (75%) were Balinese and 7 (25%) were Javanese. Lateral Flow examination found that almost all results were positive (27; 96.42%) for the patients with just 1 patient showed negative result. Meanwhile, from 73 contact person, 11 appear to be positive (15.06%). Conclusion: lateral flow test was proved to be effective method of detecting M. leprae infection and we found 15.06% of contact person had subclinical leprosy.