Acne is one of the most common dermatological conditions affecting millions of people worldwide. It is assumed that the main etiological factors acne are considered to be the excessive production of sebum and hormones, and the colonisation of P. acnes bacteria. The relationship between diet and acne lesions is still the subject of debate and scientific criticism. On the one hand, studies suggest that an elimination diet is of no benefit in the treatment of acne, while other studies indicate that there is a close a close relationship between diet and the occurrence of acne lesions. Already in the 1970s, some scientists claimed that the course of acne could be modified by specific dietary components. Several studies have confirmed, among others, the role of a diet with a high glycemic index diet in acne exacerbation and suggested that a low glycemic index diet for several weeks may lead to a reduction in the number of acne lesions. The effect of milk consumption was also investigated in terms for its potential role in acne pathogenesis, including its ability to increase insulin levels. In the last decade, studies have also emerged to determine the effect of dark chocolate on the exacerbation of acne symptoms. To date, it has not been conclusively established which component of chocolate may have a potentially adverse effects on the course of acne. The article summaries the current knowledge on the relationship between diet and acne lesions, and discusses the results of recent studies on selected dietary components that may exacerbate acne.

Nowadays it is known that many dermatological diseases are associated with a poor diet and unhealthy lifestyle. Some nutrients can exacerbate the disease, while others aid in their treatment. The aim of the study was to present the current state of knowledge on the influence of nutrients on the course of skin diseases such as acne, atopic dermatitis and urticaria. Providing the body with the necessary ingredients and eliminating those that favor the development or worsening of symptoms are an important element in the treatment of many skin diseases.

This paper explores the concept of Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) and presents changes resulting from its evolution. The purpose of this paper is to determine directions of development of the IMC concept and facilitate future research and empirical implementation of integrated marketing communication. Based on a descriptive review of the scientific literature, relevant and significant to the marketing communication knowledge, the authors established the state of development of the IMC concept. The overview of prevailing theories enabled the comparison of the existing definitions and main features of the concept. The paper presents changes and key drivers for the evolution of IMC. The analysis allowed the authors to identify new approaches to the concept of IMC in the world science and determine that the modern IMC concept is moving toward holistic solutions, which include strategic planning in the organisation and modern marketing knowledge. Nowadays, the integration of marketing communications means the need to seek solutions at a strategic level and value creation based on long-term relationships with customers. The future of the IMC concept also means the need to conduct studies that will determine the possibility of its use in relation to different types of organisations (non-profit organisations or administrative units etc.), as well as various industries or business sectors.

Artykuł poświęcono możliwościom związanym z wykorzystaniem idei smart w marketingu miast. Rozważania teoretyczne poparte analizą przykładów są podstawą do sformułowania własnej propozycji definicji smart marketingu, określenia cech koncepcji oraz wniosków dotyczących wykorzystania idei smart w brandingu miast, co jest możliwe przy uzyskaniu odpowiedniej siły skojarzeń oraz wspieraniu smart marketingu miasta skojarzeniami wynikającymi z zakorzenionych kluczy identyfikacji lub nowych, nowoczesnych identyfikatorów. Należy także rozważyć możli-wości i ograniczenia związane z eksploatacją idei smart w marketingu miasta w długim horyzoncie czasowym, w kontekście konkurencyjnym oraz komunikacją w szeroko pojętym otoczeniu.Słowa kluczowe: smart marketing, miasto, branding, smart city Wprowadzenie Rozwój społeczny i technologiczny wymusza zmianę sposobu myślenia o marketingu miast. Szansą na zwiększenie atrakcyjności miasta staje się zastosowanie koncepcji smart city, która stanowi odpowiedź na rosnące wyzwania rynkowe. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie możliwości i obszarów wykorzystania idei smart w marketingu miast. Rozważania teoretyczne poparte analizą przykładów są podstawą do sformułowania autorskiej propozycji definicji smart marketingu oraz wniosków dotyczących wykorzystania idei smart w brandingu miast. Smart city -rozwój koncepcji, definicja i obszaryPoczątki koncepcji smart city datuje je się na lata 90. ubiegłego wieku. Wtedy to powstały pojęcia takie jak city of bits (miasto bitów), cyber city (cyber miasto) 1 magdalena.daszkiewicz@ue.wroc.pl.

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