Pemerataan perkembangan pembangunan sebagai upaya merealisasikan amanah pembukaan UU 1945 dalam konteks pembangunan nasional. Indikator suksesnya pembangunan didasari model perkembangan pembangunan untuk mengatasi permasalahan yang terjadi pada kesenjangan sosial akibat pengembangan pembangunan yang tidak tepat sasaran. Penelitian ini memberikan titik fokus sebagai bentuk alternatif dari paradigma terhadap model-model pembangunan didaerah sebagai bentuk kontribusi pembangunan nasional. Peneliti melakukan eksplorasi terhadap model-model pembangunan pada teori-teori terdahulu dengan pendekatan studi kepustakaan yang relevan mengunakan teknik analisis data yaitu analisis kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwasanya ada 4 (empat) fokus alternatif sebagai konstribusi pembangunan nasional pada pengembangan model pembangunan. Pertama, model pembangunan nasional berorientasi pertumbuhan yang mengarah kepada peningkatan perekonomian masyarakat melalui pengembangan sumber daya manusia. Kedua, model pembangunan kebutuhan dasar yang berfokus kepada kebutuhan pokok sehari-hari masyarakat sebagai bentuk pengetasan kemiskinan serta karakteristik yang harus diterapkan dalam model pembangunan kebutuhan dasar. Ketiga model pembangunan berbasis masyakarat yang artinya pengawasan oleh masyarakat serta proses pembangunan dikehidupan masyarakat yang ada dilingkungannya yang mana setiap individu manusia dan kelompok harus meningkatkan kualitas dalam proses pembangunan.  Model terakhir, atau keempat yaitu model pembangunan kedaerahan yang bertujuan untuk merealisasikan program bersifat otonomi daerah yang berkaitan dengan hak serta kewenangan daerah sesuai kebutuhannya. Kata Kunci : Paradigma, Pembangunan Nasional, Model Pembangunan, Indonesia

In recent decades, in Indonesia, there have been many social protection policies as social and political agendas that are not public knowledge in the form of "Kartu Sakti". One of the magic cards that are very popular during the COVID-19 pandemic is the Prakerja card. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the process of implementing the Grindle theory (2017) involving interest actors. The research method was carried out qualitatively by using secondary data which was analyzed in depth. The results show that the grindle theory includes Content of Policy and Content of Implementation in the social protection policy implementation process of the Prakerja card program, there are problems and are difficult to implement properly by the implementers, this causes the real purpose of social protection policies has not shown the impact on community welfare during the COVID -19 pandemic compared to other social protection policy programs on target. also, the actors of the Prakerja card program have different interests and goals from both the implementor and the recipient side. The Indonesian government is obliged to evaluate and take strategic and regulatory action in the form of pra Kerja program innovation as a long-term priority scale to avoid any gap in the process of implementing social protection policies that adversely affect the welfare of the Indonesian community.Abstrak: Dalam beberapa dekade ini, Di indonesia banyak sekali kebijakan perlindungan sosial sebagai agenda sosial dan politik yang tidak menjadi rahasia umum dalam bentuk "kartu sakti". Salah satu kartu sakti yang sangat populer dalam masa pendemi COVID-19 yaitu kartu prakerja. Tujuan tulisan untuk menganalisis proses implementasi teori grindle (2017) yang melibatkan aktor kepentingan. Metode penelitian dilakukan secara kualitatif dengan mengunakan data sekunder yang di analisis secara mendalam. Hasil menunjukan teori grindle meliputi Content of Policy dan Content of Implementation pada proses implementasi kebijakan perlindungan sosial program kartu prakerja terdapat permasalahan dan sulit di implementasi dengan baik oleh para implementornya, hal ini menyebabkan tujuan sesungguhnya kebijakan perlindungan sosial belum memperlihatkan dampak kesejahteraan masyarakat pada masa pandemi COVID-19 dibandingkan program kebijakan perlindungan sosial lainnya tepat sasaran. Selain itu aktoraktor program kartu prakerja memiliki kepentingan serta tujuan yang berbedabeda baik dari sisi implementor dan sisi penerima. Pemerintah indonesia wajib melakukan dievaluasi serta mengambil tindakan secara strategi pada teknis dan regulasi berupa inovasi program kartu Prakerja sebagai skala prioritas jangka panjang agar tidak terjadinya kesenjangan proses implementasi kebijakan perlindungan sosial yang berdampak buruk kesejahteraan masyarakat indonesia.

The village government has an substantial responsibility in managing human resources to produce regional economic benefits. This research aims to identify the stakeholder collaboration to support accountability in village fund management and rural development.  This study used an interactive approach with data collection methods such as structured interviews, documentation, and observation. The object of the study is village officials in Pranggang Village, Plosoklaten District, Kediri Regency, East Java Province. The results of the study showed that the village government has not optimally carried out its role in involving more stakeholders.  Collaborative stakeholders in managing village funds involved village government officials, activity management team and community.   They play a positive role in bringing about village accountability in managing village funds. An increased community participation contribute to program evaluation activities and effectiveness in the village financial management. The accountability of the village funds utilization has met the Home Affairs Ministerial Regulation number 113 of 2014. In addition, social accountability has been applied in various forms of effective interactions between the community and village government. Much efforts are required to improve the quality of human resources through more stakeholder engagement, training activity and  community empowerment.   JEL Classification: H72; H83; O20

The socio-economic impact is part of the benchmark for measuring the success of regional development in various sectors, especially tourism in Indonesia. During the Covid 19 pandemic, the tourism sector in Bintan Regency has decreased so that it has an impact on the life and welfare of the community. The purpose of this study is to analyze the socio-economic impacts of the tourism sector in the Bintan Regency before COVID 19 and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The research method used is qualitative with a case study approach and a literature approach which will later be analyzed in depth. The results showed that the socio-economy in the tourism sector during the COVID-19 pandemic in Bintan Regency affected people's living conditions to meet their daily needs and did not prioritize profit. Apart from that, the socio-economy also affects the lifestyle of people who must have the initiative to survive. Other findings need strengthening of stakeholders and new socio-economic needs by preparing the quality of human resources to revive the tourism sector in Bintan Regency.

The core problem of tourism sector on empowerment and natural resource development is the mapping to the potency and development strategy of tourism has not yet been maximized. This article, focus to use the PEST Model analysis to identify the growth of Benan Island as tourism destination. This research conducted through library study, and data analyzed through content analysis. The result, political, economic, social and technology factors has impacted broadly to development of Benan Island tourism in the long run. The author also purpose the alternatif model of development of priority scale tourism potential with the concept of sustainable tourism and community empowerment by involving tourism industry actors. The use of PEST Model Analysis of the tourism potential of Benan Island can also be applied to several other islands in Lingga Regency.