Pengakuan publik yang dilontarkan pihak Saudi akan betapa kaku dan konservatifnya cara beragama negara tersebut mendatangkan perhatian dan pertanyaan besar bagi dunia Internasional. Reformasi sosial dan ekonomi adalah di atara rancangan yang dilancarkan Saudi. Pihak Saudi sendiri berniat untuk bertransformasi ke arah Islam moderat sebagai upaya untuk mereduksi bentuk-bentuk "kekakuan" dan sikap ekstremisme. Penelitian ini akan lebih mengarah kepada beberapa rumusan masalah yaitu, apa sebenarnya yang melatarbelakangi kebijakan reformasi pihak kerajaan Saudi dan bagaimana konstelasi pemerintahan Saudi ke depannya jika reformasi besar-besaran akan terjadi serta seperti apa pula reaksi asertif dan resistensi dari kubu Wahabi terhadap kebijakan tersebut. Selanjutnya, kehadiran paper ini akan coba menguraikan dan membentangkan asumsiasumsi diskursif melalui pendekatan decision making process untuk memahami lebih jauh maksud dari cita-cita reformasi Arab Saudi.

The presence of the internet has influenced the way people interact with their social environment, including in the context of religion. Internet seems to eliminate boundaries, space and time in social interactions. This led to a fundamental change in how a person’s identity was formed. This study discusses how online interactions can shape one’s religious identity. “Jurus Sehat Rasulullah” as a da'wah theme which encourages Muslims to maintain their health and perform Islamic medicine is analyzed textually. This qualitative research in collecting data using online observation by observing JSR and its users. The search was focused on the Instagram account @ZaidulAkbar. The results showed that there was a religious identity construction process through the exchange of symbols among internet users who followed the official account of “Jurus Sehat Rasulullah.”

This paper reports on textual analysis research of three news media stories published by CNN Indonesia (cnninodenesia.com) in 2019 pertaining to Islam Nusantara and politics, using a critical discourse analysis approach proposed by Teun A. Van Dijk. Findings reveal that in the political context of Islam Nusantara (Islam of the Archipelago) discourse offers solutions to prevent conflict, tragedy, and violence in the name of religion. Further, it is also found that the political situation in Indonesia, which was rife with religious issues and increased intolerance, made Islam Nusantara dragged into the political sphere. This is because Partai Kebangkitan Bangsa (The National Awakening Party/PKB) which was historically born from the womb of the Nahdlatul Ulama was one of the ruling coalition parties.

Abstrak:Ṣaḥābaḧ adalah generasi pertama yang percaya kepada Nabi Muhammad dan menerima ajaran Islam (ḥadīts Nabi) langsung dari-Nya. Mereka sangat patuh kepada Nabi sehingga mereka tidak berani berkhianat dan berbohong dengan sengaja dalam narasi ḥadīts. Mereka umumnya adil. Kaum muslim percaya bahwa seluruh sahabat memiliki 'kualitas adālaḧ, yang terkenal dengan diktum: kullu ṣaḥābaḧ' udūl. Lebih jauh lagi, keyakinan ini telah datang sebagai sesuatu yang disetujui secara teologis. Konsep ini menjadi lebih kuat ketika kritik hadis, ulama tradisional lebih berorientasi sanad yang berimplikasi pada penempatan kepribadian perawi dalam posisi yang tidak bisa diabaikan. Ini jelas berbeda dengan Juynboll, ia adalah salah satu orientalis yang berasal dari Belanda yang mengembangkan teori common link. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini bahwa Juynboll menyangkal metode kritik hadis. Dia mengklaim bahwa teori ini terjadi dalam skema evolutif, dan merupakan ciptaan para ahli hadis. Di sisi lain, penulis memandang bahwa penolakan Juynboll terhadap ta'dīl kolektif adalah salah satu instrumen untuk memperkuat teori common link. Kata Kunci: "adālaḧ, ṣaḥābaḧ, and Juynboll Abstract: Ṣaḥābaḧ is the first generation who believe to the Prophet Muḥammad [p.b.u.h] and accepted the teachings of Islām (the ḥadīts of the Prophet) directly from Him. They are very obedient to the Prophet so that they may not dare to betray and lie intentionally in the narration of ḥadīts. They are "adil generally. Muslims believe that whole companions have "adālaḧ quality, which is famous by a dictum: kullu ṣaḥābaḧ "udūl. Furthermore, this belief has come as something approved theologically. This concept becomes stronger when the hadith criticism, traditional scholars are more oriented sanad which has implications for the placeme nt of narrators personality in a position that can not be ignored. This is clearly different from Juynboll, he is one of the Orientalists who came from Netherland who developed the theory of common linkThe conclusion of this research that Juynboll denies t he method of hadith criticism. He claims that this theory occurred in the evolutive schema, and is the creation of muḥaddits. On the other hand, the author views that the denial of Juynboll for collective ta"dīl is one of the instruments to strengthen the theory of common link.

Environmental damage by extractive activities is caused by the formulation of policies that have not placed nature and the environment as legal subjects. Policy formulation in the form of a contract of work tends to accommodate human interests and is profit-oriented. This study aims to examine strategies for mitigating environmental damage caused by PT Freeport’s mining activities based on an eco-contract perspective. PT Freeport’s contract of work is the object of analysis in this research, while data on environmental damage are obtained from national media. Theoretical-reflective approach is used in analyzing the data to formulate mitigation strategies. The results showed that the mitigation of environmental damage in the eco-contract perspective emphasizes the natural relationships and interactions between all components of the ecosystem. In other words, mitigation of environmental damage requires equal treatment between the environment and humans which also indicates equal rights. In fact, force majeure conditions and natural disasters are still viewed from a human perspective, so that efforts to identify and socialize environmental damage only focus on human aspects rather than nature and the environment. PT Freeport’s contract of work has not accommodated mitigation efforts of environmental damage that ecologically oriented. In addition, the weak mapping, control, and socialization of PT Freeport’s mining activities have implications for the lack of efforts to mitigate environmental damage.