Skin waste from tuna processing needs to be utilized, such as extraction of its collagen and gelatin. Their functional properties can be improved by enzymatic hydrolysis for conversion to peptides. Thus, the research objectives were to examine the characteristics and antioxidant activity of collagen, gelatin, and the derived peptide from yellowfin tuna skin. Collagen was extracted using 0.75 M acetic acid at 4 °C, while gelatin was prepared using 0.25% citric acid and extracted at 65 °C. Hydrolysis was carried out with 2% Alcalase, followed by fractionation with a molecular weight cut off sieve for both collagen and gelatin. Collagen yield was 22.6% with pH value of 6.63 and whiteness of 96.7%. Gelatin yield was 20.0% with pH value of 4.94 and whiteness of 51.0%. Hydrolysis for three hours resulted in 52.7% and 45.2% degree of hydrolysis for collagen and gelatin, respectively. The molecular weights of collagen peptides ranged from 2.94 to 11.93 kDa, while those of gelatin peptides ranged from 3.54 to 16,620 kDa. Antioxidant activities of these peptides were higher than those before hydrolysis. The high antioxidant activity (IC50) of collagen peptides were found in <3, 3–10, and 10–30 kDa fractions as well as in the gelatin peptides.

Khasiat kesehatan ikan gabus (C. striata) telah dikenal secara luas dan saat ini C. striata telah digunakan sebagai bahan baku industri produk suplemen. Tingginya permintaan akan produk suplemen tersebut menimbulkan masalah pada ketersediaan C. striata yang sebagian besar ditangkap dari sungai dan danau sebagai tempat hidupnya. Ikan gabus budidaya dipercaya memiliki kualitas tidak sebaik ikan gabus alam.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan informasi mengenai komposisi kimia, termasuk albumin dan potensi ekstrak protein kasar ikan gabus alam dan hasil budidaya sebagai antioksidan dan anti hipertensi. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa ikan gabus alam dan hasil budidaya memiliki kadar protein yang tidak berbeda secara nyata, tetapi berbeda pada kadar air, abu, dan lemak. Ikan gabus alam memiliki kadar lemak dan abu lebih rendah tetapi kadar air lebih tinggi dibanding ikan gabus budidaya. Ikan dari kedua sumber memiliki bagian yang dapat dimakan atau edible portion (EP) sebesar 36%,dengan kadar mineral makro (Na, K, Ca) dan mikro (Zn, Fe) pada ikan hasil budidaya lebih tinggi dibanding kedua kelompok mineral pada ikan gabus alam. Kadar albumin ikan gabus alam lebih tinggi daripada kadar albumin ikan gabus budidaya. Namun demikian, hasil analisis asam amino menunjukkan bahwa ikan gabus hasil budidaya memiliki kuantitas asam amino yang lebih tinggi daripada ikan gabus alam. Asam amino non essensial dominan adalah alanin, asam aspartat, glisin, alloisoleusin, prolin, dan glutamin, sedangkan asam amino esensial didominasi oleh leusin, lisin, dan fenilalanin. Kedua ikan gabus yang diperoleh dari tempat yang berbeda tersebut memiliki bioaktivitas sebagai antioksidan yang lemah, namun berpotensi sebagai antihipertensi (penghambat Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE)) dengan kekuatan 1/10 kekuatan kontrol obat hipertensi captopril.

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Impacts of extraction conditions on lipid and carotenoid yields from hepatopancreas of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) were investigated. Among single solvents (acetone, isopropanol and hexane) and their mixtures, a mixture of hexane and isopropanol (50:50, v/v) rendered lipids with the highest carotenoid yield (336.40 mg/kg hepatopancreas) with the extraction yield of 18.22% (w/w hepatopancreas) (P < 0.05). The use of hepatopancreas to solvent ratio of 1.0:4.5 (w/v) and three repetitions showed the highest carotenoid yield (363.94 mg/kg hepatopancreas) with the extraction yield of 18.08% (w/w hepatopancreas). Astaxanthin, astaxanthin diester and canthaxanthin were the major carotenoids found in lipids. When astaxanthin (2 mg/g lipid) was added into lipid, the oxidation was lowered, in comparison with the control during the storage at 30C for 10 days as indicated by lower ρ-anisidine value. Fourier transform infrared spectra study also revealed that triglyceride in lipids underwent oxidation to a lower degree when astaxanthin was incorporated. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSShrimp hepatopancreas, a by-product from shrimp-processing industries, is one of the important sources of lipids and natural carotenoids, which are susceptible to oxidation. Their changes are associated with development of off-odor and loss in nutritive value. The recovery of lipid and carotenoid from hepatopancreas by an appropriate means would increase the revenue for shrimp-processing industries. Additionally, those value-added products could serve as the excellent source of nutrients as well as bioactive compounds.