Background: Inflammatory diseases are a major cause of morbidity and disability of work force throughout the world. The treatment of inflammation with standard steroidal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs shares the risk of toxicity on various organ systems. Moringa oleifera, an herbal plant has been claimed to be effective in the treatment of various types of inflammatory conditions. However, there is lack of scientific studies to ratify these claims. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to explore the anti-inflammatory activity of aqueous extract of leaves of Moringa oleifera (AEMO) in experimentally induced inflammation in albino rats.Methods: The study was commenced after obtaining approval from Institutional Animal Ethical Committee using AEMO leaves in Albino wistar rats (150-200 gm) of either sex. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using carrageenan induced paw edema model, cotton pellet induced granuloma method and formaldehyde induced paw edema method. For each set of experiment, animals were divided in three groups of six animals each. In each experiment, 1st group was given normal saline (5 ml/kg/day), 2nd group was given standard anti-inflammatory drug dexamethasone (0.5 mg/kg/day) and 3rd group was given Moringa oleifera (200 mg/kg/day).Results: Aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera leaves at dose of 200 mg/kg, p.o. exhibited the significant anti-inflammatory effect in all the models used in this study.Conclusions: It can be concluded from our study that aqueous extracts of Moringa oleifera leaves possess anti-inflammatory activity.

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic condition with an increasing global prevalence. Because of this tendency, it is rapidly becoming an epidemic in some nations, with the number of affected anticipated to quadruple in the next decade as the population ages. The present study aimed to determine the prescribing pattern and adverse drug reaction of different groups of antidiabetic drug in type 2 Diabetes mellitus. Methodology: The present study was an analytical cross-sectional study conducted on total 430 type II diabetes mellitus patients attending OPD in diabetes clinic at M.L.B Medical College, Jhansi during the study period. Various scoring system including WHO causality assessment scale, CDSCO ADR, WHO-UMC Scale, Naranjo algorithm scale were used for assessment. Results: Majority of patients were male [n=248(57.67%) followed by female [n=182(42.33%], respectively. Signicant patients were of middle class [n=201(46.74%) followed by low class [n=139(32.32%] and High class [n=90(20.93%) (P<0.0001*). ADRs reported hypoglycemia was the commonest followed by dyspepsia and epigastric pain and heart burn common. Majority of patients had HbA1c between 7.0-8.0 which is in fair control 37.67% followed by 8.0-10.0 which is unsatisfactory 35.81% and above 10 which is in poor control 18.14% respectively. Signicant Correlation between Medicine with ADR (p=0.0429), Total Cholesterol (p=0.0396*) and Triglycerides (p= 0.0167*). Conclusion: According to causality assessments, majority of patients had possible causalities. Therefore, we may say that present study results provide insight to the healthcare providers on the importance of monitoring and reporting ADR associated with the drugs.

Background: Physical exercise is the performance of some activity in order to develop or maintain physical fitness and overall health. Exercise induce proteinuria is generally benign and a function of the intensity-rather than the duration of the exercise. Quantification using a 24 hours urine collection for protein is being replaced by the urine protein creatinine ration from a random urine specimen, ideally from the first morning void. Aims & Objective: To compare protein creatinine index between normal and heavy exercise performing individual. Materials and Methods: Total 40 controls (who were not doing exercise) and 34 subjects) who were doing heavy exercise daily) were selected for the study. Their early morning urine sample was taken for estimating urinary protein by quantitative sulfosalycylic acid method and creatinine by Jaffe's method using colorimetry. Results: The normal range of the PCI which was stabilized in this study was 62-220. On comparison of the PCI between the control and the subject, it was found to be significantly elevated in the person who does heavy exercise (controls = 114.64 ± 47.96 and in the person who does heavy exercise = 326.98 ± 117.99) (p<0.0001). Conclusion: The PCI of a random urine sample can provide a very useful, simple and convenient method for the quantitative assessment of proteinuria to judge the extent of kidney damage and for avoiding the drawback of the 24 hr urine collections.

Objective: The objective of the study was to analyze the effect of 50% ethanolic extract of the dried Punica granatum peel (PGE) on the healing of acetic acid-induced colitis in rats. Methods: Colitis was induced in rats using 50% acetic acid and then PGE extract was administered by oral route daily for 14 days to those rats. Optimal healing was observed by the administration of a 100 mg/kg dose of PGE extract. Effectiveness of the above-mentioned dosage of PGE on biochemical parameters, basically free radicals – nitric oxide and lipid peroxidation was studied on 18 hours fasting rats on the 15th day of the experiment. Results: The results were suggestive of the healing properties of PGE extract by reduction of the inflammation and mucosal damage in the colon of those rats. The healing effects were established by the estimation and study of free radicals taken from the mucosal samples of the rat’s colon. The safety of extract was established by the effective administration of 10 times the therapeutic dose, that is, 1000 mg/kg dosage of the PGE extract with no noticeable adverse effects or side effects related to ANS or central nervous system. Conclusion: PGE extract was found to be effective in healing mucosal damage due to colitis by controlling the infection and reducing the inflammation.

Background Constipation is one of the most common gastrointestinal complaints worldwide. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most prevalent functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) that affects different aspects of life and patients experienced depression and anxiety more than others. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of a mixture of the seed of Syzygium jambolana, fruits of Momordica charantia and leaves of Azadirachta indica paste for the treatment of loperamide-induced constipation in a rat model. Methods Animals were divided into one normal control group and three experimental groups (10, 20 and 30 g/kg). Loperamide (2 mg/kg, twice per day) was injected intraperitoneally to induce constipation in the three experimental groups. Each group of rats was given orally a dose of granules containing (10, 20 and 30 g/kg) concentrated ethanolic extract of a combined mixture paste from all three folk plants. Mixture paste was administered for 30 days to assess its anti-constipation effects. Results Fecal pellet number, weight, and water content were increased in the plant mixture paste-treated groups as compared to the control group. Reductions in body weight and increased intestinal transit length were observed in the plant mixture paste-treated groups. Fecal pellet number was reduced in the distal colons of the plant mixture paste-treated rats. Exercise and ileum tension increased in the experimental groups as compared to the control group. According to histological analyses, the thickness of the distal colon and areas of crypt epithelial cells that produce mucin were increased in the treatment groups in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusions Constipation was decreased when combined plant mixture paste was fed to rats. Specifically, fecal number, weight, and water content, as well as histological parameters such as thickness and mucin areas in the distal colon were improved. A mixture of Syzygium jambolana, Momordica charantia and Azadirachta indica is effective in eliminating IBS symptoms, and it is a related useful therapeutic and preventive strategy for chronic constipation.