The aim of the present study was to optimize lorazepam loaded PLGA nanoparticles (Lzp-PLGA-NPs) by investigating the effect of process variables on the response using Box-Behnken design. Effect of four independent factors, that is, polymer, surfactant, drug, and aqueous/organic ratio, was studied on two dependent responses, that is, z-average and % drug entrapment. Lzp-PLGA-NPs were successfully developed by nanoprecipitation method using PLGA as polymer, poloxamer as surfactant and acetone as organic phase. NPs were characterized for particle size, zeta potential, % drug entrapment, drug release behavior, TEM, and cell viability. Lzp-PLGA-NPs were characterized for drug polymer interaction using FTIR. The developed NPs showed nearly spherical shape with z-average 167–318 d·nm, PDI below 0.441, and −18.4 mV zeta potential with maximum % drug entrapment of 90.1%. In vitro drug release behavior followed Korsmeyer-Peppas model and showed initial burst release of 21.7 ± 1.3% with prolonged drug release of 69.5 ± 0.8% from optimized NPs up to 24 h. In vitro drug release data was found in agreement with ex vivo permeation data through sheep nasal mucosa. In vitro cell viability study on Vero cell line confirmed the safety of optimized NPs. Optimized Lzp-PLGA-NPs were radiolabelled with Technitium-99m for scintigraphy imaging and biodistribution studies in Sprague-Dawley rats to establish nose-to-brain pathway.

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In recent times, several approaches for targeted gene therapy (GT) had been studied, however emergence of ex-tracellular vesicles (EVs) as shuttle carrying genetic information between cells have gained a lot of interest in scientific communities. Owing to their higher capabilities in dealing with short sequences of nucleic acid (mRNA, miRNA), proteins, recombinant proteins, exosomes, the most popular form of EVs are viewed as a reliable biological therapeutic conveyers. They have natural access through every biological membrane and can be employed for site specific and efficient drug deliv-ery without eliciting any immune responses hence, qualifying as an ideal delivery vehicle. Also, there are many research studies conducted in last few decades on using exosome mediated gene therapy into developing an effective therapy with the concept of higher degree of precision in gene isolation, purification and delivery mechanism loading, delivery and targeting protocols. This review discusses several facets which contribute towards developing an efficient therapeutic regime for gene therapy, highlighting limitations and drawbacks associated with current GT and suggested therapeutic regimes

A b s t r a c tContext: Catechin hydrate (CH), is an important phyto compound, reported to have potential therapeutic activity for prevention and treatment of various central nervous system (CNS) disorders. However, its therapeutic action is limited by their low oral bio and intestinal absorption, therefore, development of a targeted nanoparticle based carrier system which can overcome its physicochemical limitations and can enhance its biological activity is required. The objective of the pres formulation by ionic gelation method for catechin hydrate. Result and conclusion: After optimising the formulation by statistical tool, further, characterization results showed zeta average particle size of zeta potential of (range of 61. 8 loade profile and cytotoxicity analysis done on NB41A3 cell lines results exhibited the cell viability of 89.5 ± 0.25% in catechin loaded nanoparticles (CH NP's) whereas, indicating negligible toxicity in nanoparticle based formulation. The stability testing was done for CH NP's antioxidant activities estimated throug oxide ( higher and prolonged antioxidant activity in comparison with CH.

The present study investigated skimmed milk and alginate-based encapsulation for protection of a probiotic strain, Lactobacillus gastricus BTM7 during storage and exposure to simulated gastrointestinal conditions. The investigations have revealed that coating with skimmed milk and alginate in a ratio of 1:1 resulted in highest encapsulation efficiency of 94% (p < 0.05) with approximately 1 log reduction in viable cell count and 90% release of encapsulated cells in 90 min. This formulation resulted in 5-fold higher survival of bacteria during storage at refrigeration for 21 days (p < 0.05). The encapsulation of L. gastricus BTM7 provided better protection at the pH of gastric juice or pancreatic conditions with 4- and 9-fold increase in survivability after 2 h of incubation. The principal component analysis (PCA) revealed the potential of skimmed milk supplementation to alginate (1:1) to enhance survival of probiotic strain under refrigerated storage, a process that can be safely incorporated into dairy products.