Background: Prevalence of several cardio metabolic risk factors, especially central obesity and dyslipidemia, places women in high risk group for development of insulin resistance and atherosclerosis. Physiological and hormonal factor in women acts as an additional risk factor for such disease. The burden of cardio metabolic risk in middle aged premenopausal women need to be evaluated thoroughly. Objective: The study was designed to assess cardio metabolic risk profile and to evaluate association of traditional risk factors of metabolic syndrome with obesity and atherogenic markers in middle aged pre-menopausal Indian women. Materials and Methods: One hundred and thirty seven randomly selected female subjects (age 25-45 years) were evaluated for prevalence of various cardio metabolic risk factors. The parameters studied included body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-hip ratio (WHR), blood pressure, ECG, fasting blood glucose level and lipid profile of the subject. The association between various traditional risk factors of metabolic syndrome and the obesity and atherogenic markers of the subject was evaluated. Results: The overall prevalence rate of metabolic syndrome in middle aged pre-menopausal women was found to be 28.99%. The rate of incidence of metabolic syndrome increases with advancement of age. The most common individual component of metabolic syndrome in subject was central obesity followed by altered lipid profile. All the traditional risk factors of metabolic syndrome were found to vary with WC, WHR and TG/HDL-C ratio of the subject. Conclusion: The result of the present study suggested that central obesity followed by altered lipid profile are the main causative factors for development of metabolic syndrome in pre-menopausal middle aged Indian women. Obesity markers like waist circumference and waist-hip ratio and TG/ HDL-C ratio can be used to predict metabolic syndrome in this group of subjects.

Background: Adiposity of a subject depends on pattern of distribution of body fat and is assessed by various anthropometric markers. Measurement of blood pressure and assessment of cardiorespiratory fitness are the two most important parameters to evaluate the cardiovascular functional status of a subject. Age, sex and genetics play vital role in development of adiposity and thus effect cardiovascular function of the subject from different ethnic back ground. Aims & Objective: The current study was designed to evaluate various anthropometric markers of adiposity, blood pressure and cardiorespiratory fitness in young female subjects from both nontribal (Bengali) and tribal community of Tripura, a northeastern state of India and to evaluate the relationship between the markers of adiposity and cardiovascular function of the subject. Material and Methods: Seventy five nontribal (Bengali) and seventy five tribal female (18-25 years of age) subjects were included in the study through random selection. The basal metabolic rate (BMI), the waist-hip ratio (WHR), the waist-height ratio (WHtR) and body fat (%) of the subjects were evaluated. The basal blood pressure of the subjects were recorded. The cardiorespiratory fitness of the subjects were evaluated by using Queen's College Step Test. Results: There was no significant difference in the general characteristics of the subject from different ethnic background, except that the total body fat (%) was significantly less in tribal females. Both systolic and diastolic blood pressure correlated positively with BMI, WHR and WHtR of the females from both the communities. There was a negative correlation between adiposity markers and cardiorespiratory fitness of the subject. Conclusion: The result of the present study suggests that obesity, especially central obesity, in young female subjects, reduces the cardiovascular fitness and increases the risk of prehypertension, irrespective of their ethnicity.

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Possibly, routine physical exercise in residential Sainik school children attribute to their better respiratory muscle strength.

Introduction:In diabetes an increase in free radicals, DNA damage and lipid peroxidation in human sperm may occur. Antioxidant components in medicinal herbs such as Nigella sativa have been indicated to improve spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis. Thymoquinone and unsaturated fatty acids are the main antioxidant components of Nigella Sativa. Nigella Sativa seeds has been used in traditional Iranian medicine as a natural remedy for promotes females menstruation, galactagogue, carminative, laxative and anti-parasitic properties. The present study is conducted to find out effect of Nigella sativa seed and Thymoquinone on testosterone and LH levels in streptozotocine induced diabetic and normal male albino rats. Materials and Methods: 36 rats were selected for this study and divided in to 6 groups each contains 6 rats, one group served as normal control, one group served as normal rats received the nigella sativa seed powder(300mg/ Kg BW), one groups served as normal rats received the Thymoquinone(4mg/kg BW), one group served as Streptozotocine(50mg/kg BW) induced diabetic control rats, one group served as diabetic rats received the nigella sativa seed powder(300mg/Kg BW) and one groups served as diabetic rats received the Thymoquinone(4mg/kg BW).Testosterone and LH were estimated by Chemiluminosis(CLIA). Results: There is no change in Testosterone and LH levels in normal rats treated with nigella sativa seed powder and thymoqinone. The levels testosterone and LH are decreased significantly in diabetic rats compared with normal rats, when the diabetic groups treated with nigella sativa seed powder and thymoqinone the Testosterone levels are normalised significantly(p<0.05). Conclusion: Compared with normal rats the level of testosterone was decreased in diabetic rats, when it is treated with Nigella sativa seed and Thymoquinone the levels of testosterone increased significantly. Compared with normal rats the level of LH was decreased significantly in diabetic rats, when it is treated with Nigella sativa seed and 'Thymoquinone the levels of LH not significant with other groups.