Background: Diabetes mellitus is associated with biochemical, physiological and pathological alterations in the liver. Liver damage is associated with the formation of oxygen derived free radicals. Reactive oxygen species as well as nitrogen species are responsible for nuclear DNA fragmentation and cell death. The aim of this study was to investigate the hepatoprotective effects of Nigella sativa seed. Materials and Methods: This work was conducted as part of Ph.D work under Department of Anatomy, Shri BM patil Medical College, BLDE University, Bijapur. University ethical committee and Institution Animal Ethical committee are approved the work according to CPCSEA (Govt of India) Rules. 18 rats were selected for this study and divided in to 3 groups each contains 6 rats, one group served as normal control, one group served as Streptozotocin (50mg/kg BW) induced diabetic control rats and one group served as diabetic rats treated with the nigella sativa seed powder(300mg/Kg body weight). Results: Histopathological observations of present study showed that nigella sativa treatment has proved its hepatoprotective effect in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. The liver enzyme parameters significant change also supported histopathological findings. Conclusion: The results of present study concluding that Nigella sativa seed powder having hepatoprotective effect in streptozotocine induced diabetic rats.

Background: Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic disease which continues to be a major public health concern. Vitamin D deficiency has been found to be associated with Diabetes Mellitus, decreased Insulin secretion and increased insulin resistance in animals and humans. Recent Research is now beginning to uncover the role of vitamin D in pancreatic beta cell function, Insulin action and inflammation. The beta cells of pancreas possess Vitamin D receptors and the enzyme 1 alpha Hydroxylase is expressed in pancreatic tissue which coincides with the expression of Insulin. Insulin secretion is calcium dependent and it is reported that vitamin D deficiency impairs glucose mediated insulin release. Aim & Objective: The main of the current study to evaluate serum Vitamin D Levels in newly diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients. Methodology: The study was conducted on 50 newly diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients attending the outpatient department of Dr. VRK Women Medical College, Hospital and Research center, Hyderabad. Glycemic status was estimated by measuring FBS, PLBS and HbA1c levels. 25(OH) Vitamin D estimation, by HPLC method, was done to estimate vitamin D levels. Results: The mean 25(OH) Vitamin D levels in Diabetic patients were 8.05 ±1.5 whereas the mean serum 25(OH) Vitamin D concentration in the control group was 34.28 ±13.42.Our study showed significantly lower levels of Vitamin D in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients than in the control group. Also there was an inverse relation between HbA1c and Vitamin D levels which also emphasizes that those diabetics with Vitamin D deficiency had higher HbA1c levels. Conclusion: Vitamin D appears to play a role in blood glucose regulation and low levels of Vitamin D may be a risk factor in development of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. There might be a beneficial effect in supplementation of Vitamin D to improve glycemic control in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Introduction:In diabetes an increase in free radicals, DNA damage and lipid peroxidation in human sperm may occur. Antioxidant components in medicinal herbs such as Nigella sativa have been indicated to improve spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis. Thymoquinone and unsaturated fatty acids are the main antioxidant components of Nigella Sativa. Nigella Sativa seeds has been used in traditional Iranian medicine as a natural remedy for promotes females menstruation, galactagogue, carminative, laxative and anti-parasitic properties. The present study is conducted to find out effect of Nigella sativa seed and Thymoquinone on testosterone and LH levels in streptozotocine induced diabetic and normal male albino rats. Materials and Methods: 36 rats were selected for this study and divided in to 6 groups each contains 6 rats, one group served as normal control, one group served as normal rats received the nigella sativa seed powder(300mg/ Kg BW), one groups served as normal rats received the Thymoquinone(4mg/kg BW), one group served as Streptozotocine(50mg/kg BW) induced diabetic control rats, one group served as diabetic rats received the nigella sativa seed powder(300mg/Kg BW) and one groups served as diabetic rats received the Thymoquinone(4mg/kg BW).Testosterone and LH were estimated by Chemiluminosis(CLIA). Results: There is no change in Testosterone and LH levels in normal rats treated with nigella sativa seed powder and thymoqinone. The levels testosterone and LH are decreased significantly in diabetic rats compared with normal rats, when the diabetic groups treated with nigella sativa seed powder and thymoqinone the Testosterone levels are normalised significantly(p<0.05). Conclusion: Compared with normal rats the level of testosterone was decreased in diabetic rats, when it is treated with Nigella sativa seed and Thymoquinone the levels of testosterone increased significantly. Compared with normal rats the level of LH was decreased significantly in diabetic rats, when it is treated with Nigella sativa seed and 'Thymoquinone the levels of LH not significant with other groups.

Introduction: Malondialdehyde (MDA) cause toxic stress in cells and form covalent protein and its used as a biomarker to measure the level of oxidative stress. There is opposite mechanism which control the flux of reactive oxygen species (ROS) called as antioxidant system, which includes both enzymatic andnon-enzymatic components. The important enzyme of this system is superoxide dismutase (SOD). The black cumin or Nigella Sativaseeds are used in traditional medicine of different countries. Thymoquinone is major bioactive component of nigellasativa seed and it is the cause of therapeutic property of Nigella sativa seed. The present study is conducted to see the effect of Nigella Sativa seed powder and Thymoquinone on Serum MDA and SOD levels in normal and Streptozotocine Induced Diabetic Rats. Materials and Methods: 36 rats were selected for this study and divided in to 6 groups each contains 6 rats, one group served as normal control, one group served as normal rats received the nigella sativa seed powder(300mg/ Kg BW), one groups served as normal rats received the Thymoquinone(4mg/kg BW), one group served as Streptozotocine(50mg/kg BW) induced diabetic control rats, one group served as diabetic rats received the nigella sativa seed powder(300mg/Kg BW) and one groups served as diabetic rats received the Thymoquinone(4mg/kg BW). Results: There is no change in MDA and SOD levels in normal rats treated with nigella sativa seed powder and thymoqinone. The levels of MDA are increased significantly in diabetic rats compared with normal rats, when the diabetic groups treated with nigella sativa seed powder and thymoqinone the MDA levels are decreased significantly(p<0.05). The levels of SOD are decreased significantly in diabetic rats compared with normal rats, when the diabetic groups treated with nigella sativa seed powder and thymoqinone the SOD levels are increased significantly. Conclusion:The results of these study concluding that nigella sativa seed powder and thymoquinone has having antioxidant effect in diabetic rats which lowering the MDA levels and increasing the SOD levels in streptozotocine induced diabetic rats.

Background: Diabetic nephropathy has long been recognized as the leading cause of end-stage renal disease, but the efficacy of available strategies for the prevention of Diabetic nephropathy remains poor. The aim of this study was to investigate the renoprotective effects of Nigella sativa seed and thymoquinone against streptozotocine induced renotoxicity. Materials and Methods: 24 rats were selected for this study and divided in to 4 groups each contains 6 rats, one group served as normal control, one group served as Streptozotocin (50mg/kg BW) induced diabetic control rats, one group served as diabetic rats treated with the nigella sativa seed powder(300mg/Kg body weight), one group served as diabetic rats treated with the thymoquinone(4mg/ Kg body weight). Results: Histopathological observations of present study showed that nigella sativa seed and thymoquinone treatment has proved its nephroprotective effect in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Conclusion: The results of present study concluding that Nigella sativa seed powder and thymoquinone having renoprotective effect in streptozotocine induced diabetic rats.