The existence of Oryza glumaepatula is threatened by devastation and, thus, the implementation of conservation strategies is extremely relevant. This study aimed to characterize the genetic variability and estimate population parameters of 30 O. glumaepatula populations from three Brazilian biomes using 10 microsatellite markers. The levels of allelic variability for the SSR loci presented a mean of 10.3 alleles per locus and a value of 0.10 for the average allelic frequency value. The expected total heterozygosity (H(e)) ranged from 0.63 to 0.86. For the 30 populations tested, the mean observed (H(o)) and expected heterozygosities (H(e)) were 0.03 and 0.11 within population, respectively, indicating an excess of homozygotes resulting from the preferentially self-pollinating reproduction habit. The estimated fixation index ( (IS) ) was 0.79 that differed significantly from zero, indicating high inbreeding within each O. glumaepatula population. The total inbreeding of the species ((IT) ) was 0.98 and the genetic diversity indexes among populations, (ST) and (ST), were 0.85 and 0.90, respectively, indicating high genetic variability among them. Thus, especially for populations located in regions threatened with devastation, it is urgent that in situ preservation conditions should be created or that collections be made for ex situ preservation to prevent loss of the species genetic variability.
Several recent studies have predicted decreased environmental suitability for species in future scenarios of climate change, which will affect the economy of many municipalities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of global climate change on environmental suitability for "Pequi" tree (Caryocar brasiliense; an economically important Cerrado fruit tree) and investigate the relationship between environmental suitability (according to an ecological niche model -ENM) and production of "Pequi" fruit in Brazilian cities. For the ENM, we used 312 occurrence points of "Pequi" tree and nine climatic variables to model current distribution and project it into future scenarios (scenario A2a for CCCma AOGCM). "Pequi" production averaged 30.89 kg/km 2 , and the Gross Internal Product at municipal level and "Pequi" production were negatively but marginally correlated (r = -0.16; P = 0.05 using Dutilleul's correction for spatial autocorrelation), suggesting that poor municipalities tend to have more use of this natural resource. Future scenarios showed large losses of suitable environments for the species in 2050 in Central Brazil. There is also a significant positive correlation between environmental suitability in current time and "Pequi" production across municipalities (r = 0.382, P = 0.032). Our results suggest that municipality currently using "Pequi" fruit will have lower production in the future, because their regions will be less suitable for "Pequi" tree, which in turn may affect the local economies. Thus, it is necessary that governments develop policies that mitigate adverse impacts, enhance positive impacts, and supports adaptation to climate change, together with enhancing local food security.
The global Climate change may affect biodiversity and the functioning of ecosystems by changing the appropriate locations for the development and establishment of the species. The Hancornia speciosa, popularly called Mangaba, is a plant species that has potential commercial value and contributes to rural economic activities in Brazil. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of global climate change on the potential geographic distribution, productivity, and value of production of H. speciosa in Brazil. We used MaxEnt to estimate the potential geographic distribution of the species in current and future (2050) climate scenarios. We obtained the productivity and value of production for 74 municipalities in Brazil. Moreover, to explain the variation the productivity and value of production, we constructed 15 models based on four variables: two ecological (ecological niche model and the presence of Unity of conservation) and two socio-economic (gross domestic product and human developed index). The models were selected using Akaike Information Criteria. Our results suggest that municipalities currently harvesting H. speciosa will have lower harvest rates in the future (mainly in northeastern Brazil). The best model to explain the productivity was ecological niche model; thus, municipalities with higher productivity are inserted in regions with higher environmental suitability (indicated by niche model). Thus, in the future, the municipalities harvesting H. speciosa will produce less because there will be less suitable habitat for H. speciosa, which in turn will affect the H. speciosa harvest and the local economy.
Este trabalho apresenta a importância do exame Papanicolau para a prevenção e diagnostico do papilomavírus humano (HPV) e para o rastreio do câncer de colo de útero. O vírus HPV é uma doença sexualmente transmissível que está presente na pele ou na mucosa do indivíduo contaminado. Existem mais de 150 tipos de HPV, porém apenas 13 tipos podem ocasionar o câncer, sendo dois em especiais, o tipo 16 e 18 que são responsáveis por 70% dos casos de câncer no colo do útero. Portanto, é essencial fazer exames que ajudam na prevenção contra a doença, como os esfregaço cervicovaginal e colpocitologia oncótica cervical. Esses exames consistem em analisar as células presentes no colo do útero no intuito de detectar anormalidades nas células que podem estar associadas ao desenvolvimento deste tipo de tumor. O objetivo deste artigo é discutir a importância do exame de Papanicolaou na prevenção do câncer de colo do útero. Trata-se de pesquisa bibliográfica, de caráter descritivo e de natureza qualitativa desenvolvida de janeiro a dezembro de 2021. A detecção precoce do HPV é uma importante estratégia a ser adotada na prevenção do câncer cervical uterino, pois implica diretamente no tratamento das lesões precursoras dessa patologia.
As enteroparasitoses são doenças causadas por parasitas intestinais, as quais são endêmicas de países subdesenvolvidos ou em desenvolvimento, sendo representadas como um dos principais problemas de saúde pública. O Brasil é um país que enfrenta este problema, por apresentar um grande déficit de infraestrutura, saneamento básico e uma ineficiente educação sanitária, o que favorece a proliferação destas doenças. Conhece-las e sua nosologia é fundamental para uma eficiente prevenção. Assim, este estudo objetivou fazer um levantamento do conhecimento da população de Aparecida de Goiânia – Goiás sobre estas patologias, suas formas de transmissão, sintomatologia, diagnóstico e profilaxia, para mensurar a capacidade desta população em se proteger destas doenças através de medidas preventivas básicas. Para tanto, foi aplicado um questionário estruturado a uma amostra da população e verificou-se que 65% dos entrevistados não conheciam as parasitoses intestinais, 46% deles desconheciam as vias de transmissão, 43% dos participantes não sabiam quais são as profilaxias, e 89% dos entrevistados declararam nunca terem recebido informações dos órgãos de saúde da cidade sobre as parasitoses intestinais. Concluiu-se, que é necessário planejar ações que visem ofertar informações à população desta região e suas características, pois, as pessoas poderão se prevenir com maior eficácia em relação a estas patologias. Palavras-chave: Parasitismo; Parasitoses Intestinais; Saúde Pública.
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