The last few years have seen the emergence of different initiatives designed to promote the biodiversification of agroecosystems as a counterpoint to the global expansion of homogenized industrial agriculture. In Brazil, two food procurement programs demonstrate the potential to promote discussions related to this agroecological transition: the National School Meal Program (Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar, PNAE) and the Food Procurement Program (Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos, PAA). The objectives of this paper are to analyze: (a) how these procurement programs currently integrate agrobiodiversity (crops and cropping systems) according to the local context; (b) the main challenges that key stakeholders perceive for the adoption of biodiverse systems; and (c) the extent to which the key stakeholders involved in these programs associate agrobiodiversity with the provision of ecosystem services. We carried out this research in 2017 in two contrasting municipalities in the eastern part of the Brazilian Amazon, Paragominas and Irituia. Our research shows that these programs have included up to 42 species in Irituia and 32 species in Paragominas. Perennial crop species are the most common type of culture in Irituia (up to 50%), while vegetables are the most common in Paragominas (up to 47%). Although in both municipalities stakeholders identify a large number of ecosystem services (up to 17), services mentioned in Irituia were more closely related to agrobiodiversity. Stakeholders indirectly associated with the programs have a broader view of ecosystem services. We conclude that these procurement programs can be useful tools to promote the biodiversification of local production systems, but their potential may depend on involving institutions not directly associated with their administration. Additionally, despite the observed differences in production context, providing more ecosystem services appears to be a compelling motivation for promoting changes in agroecosystems.
O artigo apresenta elementos de síntese transversal e comparativa de uma pesquisa que tratou dos processos de construção das Políticas Estaduais de Agroecologia e Produção Orgânica (PEAPOs) em onze estados do Brasil. A partir de informações coletadas por meio de análise documental e de entrevistas semiestruturadas com atores e gestores, construiu-se uma matriz comum de análise da ação pública. Os resultados mostram a mobilização dos movimentos sociais de promoção da agroecologia, aliados a diferentes atores nos poderes públicos estaduais, em paralelo ao desmantelamento de diversas políticas nacionais, como a Política Nacional de Agroecologia e Produção Orgânica (PNAPO), somado a um quadro de incertezas após as últimas eleições presidenciais.
ResumoNo Brasil, as políticas territoriais e, em particular, os Territórios da Cidadania, representam inovações institucionais interessantes. A avaliação e o melhoramento delas necessitamde uma análise dos mecanismos diferenciados da ação pública, e suas consequências concretas sobre as formas de territórios resultantes. A partir do exemplo do estado do Pará, a relação entre a diversidade de dinâmicas territoriais e o funcionamento diferenciado dos colegiados dos Territórios da Cidadania é analisada, a partir do nível de participação, da efi ciência deles como espaço de governança e da implementação de projetos de investimento. Os problemas específi cos e os aspectos positivos dos colegiados são analisados e explicados. Perspectivas metodológicas e de desenvolvimentos são sugeridas para melhorar o programa.
AbstractTerritorial policies and in particular the Territories of Citizenship in Brazil are interesting institutional innovations. Evaluating and improving them require an analysis of the different mechanisms of public action and their practical consequences on the resulting territories. In the state of Para, strong relationship exists between territorial dynamics and functioning of Territorial Joint Committee of Territories of Citizenship. It's analyzed with the level of participation, with effi ciency of the governance and with implementation of projects investment. General and specifi c problems and positive aspects of the institutional arrangements are explained. Methodological and development perspectives are given to improve the program.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.