Rendimiento y calidad del chile habanero (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) por efecto del régimen nutrimental* Yield and quality of habanero chili (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) by effect of nutritional regimen

Vegetative propagation of Sprekelia (Sprekelia formosissima Herbert.) in natural conditions is limited because it produces only one bulb per year or none. The objective of this research was to generate an in vitro propagation protocol for this species to increase its commercial propagation rate without extracting the species from its natural habitat. Bulbs of 4 to 5 cm in diameter were used as disinfested donor explant material; 1 cm2 explants were obtained from the cataphyll leaves with and without a portion of basal disc; these explants were established in MS medium supplemented with 8.87 μM of N6 benzyl adenine (BA) and 0.98 μM of indole-3- butyric acid (IBA). For shoot multiplication, bulblets obtained from the previous phase were used as explants and cultivated in MS medium with 2.5, 5, 10, 15 and 20 μM of BA combined with IBA at a 10:1 ratio (BA: IBA). Shoots obtained from multiplication were established in MS medium supplemented with 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 % (w/v) sucrose to promote growth. Bulblets were rooted in MS medium supplemented with 0, 0.49, 0.98, 1.96, 3.93 and 7.8 μM of IBA. Once roots formed, they were transferred to soil to assess their acclimation. We obtained 89.1 % of aseptic explants, of which 86 % formed two shoots on the average. Multiplication of shoots increased as BA concentration increased in culture medium, and the best results (75 % of bulblets with shoots, 2.66 shoots per bulblet and 2.0 mm diameter shoots) were obtained with 20 μM BA. The best bulb growth in diameter (4.2 mm) and number of bulblet leaves (3.5) was obtained with 5 % sucrose. The use of 0.98 μM IBA resulted in greater rooting percentage (93.7) and number of roots per bulblet (2.0), which were 2.4 cm long on average. Up to 83 % of the bulblets survived acclimation. This protocol to micropropagate Sprekelia formosissima allowed the production of at least 96 bulblets from one mother bulb in a six months period of in vitro culture.

El chile habanero (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) se produce tradicionalmente en suelo y a cielo abierto, por lo que información de su cultivo hidropónico en condiciones de invernadero es escasa, sobre todo en lo referente a la conducción de la planta y nutrición. Por tal motivo, en un invernadero del campo experimental de la Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias de la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, se llevó a cabo un experimento en sistema hidropónico con la finalidad de evaluar el crecimiento, rendimiento y calidad de frutos del chile habanero en respuesta a la poda de conducción (2, 3, 4 tallos por planta y sin poda) y el régimen nutrimental [RN1: solución nutritiva universal (Steiner, 1984) suministrada durante todo el ciclo de cultivo; RN2: solución nutritiva específica para cada etapa fenológica del chile habanero (López-Gómez et al., 2017)]. Se tuvieron ocho tratamientos, cada uno con cuatro repeticiones, distribuidos en diseño experimental completamente al azar. La unidad experimental fueron tres plantas, colocadas cada una en un contenedor de polietileno negro con capacidad para 15.14 L, con grava de tezontle rojo como sustrato. El suministro de las soluciones nutritivas se realizó con el sistema de riego por goteo. Los resultados indicaron que el tratamiento ‘sin poda-RN2’ incrementó 29.5% y 35.5% la biomasa seca y número de frutos respectivamente, en comparación con las plantas del tratamiento ‘sin poda-RN1’. El rendimiento fue de 616.9 g planta en seis cortes de fruto con el tratamiento ‘sin poda-RN2’, 22.8% superior al obtenido del tratamiento ‘4 tallos-RN2’. Por efecto de la poda de conducción (2, 3 y 4 tallos) se incrementó el tamaño de los frutos.

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