Red-violet cell suspension cultures of Chenopodium rubrum were found to accumulate the betacyanins amaranthin, celosianin and betanin and the betaxanthins vulgaxanthin I and vulgaxanthin II. Under a 16-h daylight regime the cells accumulated 0.3-0.4% betacyanins on a dry mass basis after 2-3 weeks of cultivation on the growth medium. Experiments to define a production medium for betacyanins failed with this habituated line. The accumulation could however be increased up to 1% or 100rag betacyanins/1 by feeding tyrosine and by adaptation of the inoeulum size to the nutrient concentration.

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4-Nonylphenol, a metabolite of nonionic surfactants, was examined for its metabolism in cell cultures of wheat according to a standardized method. Four major radioactively labeled fractions were detected and isolated by chromatography on Sephadex LH-20 and semipreparative HPLC. Hydrolysis of the peaks resulted in two compounds which were purified by semipreparative HPLC. Using enzymatic hydrolysis, HPLC, GC−MS, and ESI-MS/MS, the chemical structures were elucidated. They were shown to be 4-(hydroxy)- and 4-(dihydroxy)nonylphenols which were glucosylated at the phenolic OH-group and further glucosylated, glucuronidated, and acylated with acetic acid or malonic acid. Except for C-1 and C-9, the hydroxylations occurred at all C atoms of the alkyl side chain. Keywords: Alkylphenol; nonionic surfactant; plant metabolism; Triticum aestivum; electrospray mass spectrometry; xenobiotics

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