The growth of human populations and industrial activities in the last decades have been the major cause of ecosystem decline, especially due to the inputs of several pollutants in the environment. Estuaries are one of the main concerns in marine governance because they receive potentially toxic substances from many sources that end up in the sea. Despite this, marine policies that aim to protect marine areas have dismissed local fishers' knowledge, although fishers have ecological knowledge that endorses and complements scientific research. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify sources and indicators of pollution in the Bahía Blanca Estuary (BBE) according to the fishers and to contrast this knowledge with scientific studies. We conducted 20 interviews with the fishers of the BBE, and the results showed that all of them think the estuary is polluted and that there have been changes in the biomass of catches in the past. Most of them think that industries of the petrochemical complex are the major cause of pollution (57%), while marine organisms were the most mentioned items as indicators of pollution (59%), especially the commercial species (41%). We found interesting parallels between fishers' ecological knowledge (FEK) and scientific data. Thus, we conclude that FEK is an invaluable tool that provides data that could help to co-protect and co-manage this estuary and the services it provides.
Los grupos guaycurúes que habitaban la región del Gran Chaco durante el siglo XVIII realizaban un extenso aprovechamiento de mieles procedentes de abejas nativas sin aguijón (Tribu Meliponini). Estas prácticas fueron extensamente documentadas por los jesuitas que misionaron en el área. El presente trabajo se basa en el análisis de las evidencias obtenidas en estas fuentes y datos etnográficos actuales relacionados al aprovechamiento de miel. El objetivo es examinar los usos y saberes tradicionales e identificar las especies de meliponas mencionadas en dichas fuentes a partir de la colecta de ejemplares y los discursos de indígenas y criollos elaborados sobre las mismas aportando a un corpus que incluya la diversidad de conocimientos existentes en la zona sobre estas prácticas.
Le chasseuse chassée : la position de la femme toba dans les domaines politiques et publics, domestiques et privés Résumé La plupart de ceux qui ont étudié les cultures amérindiennes, en function des shémes préconçus, ont confiné la femme à la sphère domestique et privée, et l'homme au politique et le public. Ils ont également attribué à ces sphères de la vie sociale indigène des valeurs différentes sur lesquelles ils ont essayé de trouver des relations de domination semblables à celles qui existaient dans la culture «occidentale». Les chasseurs-cueilleurs du Gran Chaco ne font pas exception à la règle de la construction de la subordination féminine. À partir de données ethnographiques sur les Toba (Qom) du Chaco argentin, cette étude propose d'examiner la division sexuelle du travail analysée par quelques ethnographes des Toba. L'auteur livre une interprétation différente de celle que nous donne ces sources, en rendant tout particulièrement la parole aux femmes autochtones.
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