Down syndrome (DS) is a genetic disorder caused by trisomy of chromosome 21. It is the most common chromosomal abnormality found in humans. Despite the motor difficulties and biofilm accumulation, individuals with DS have low caries prevalence. In this context it is assumed that saliva plays an important role in maintaining oral health. Objective: To evaluate the following salivary components: pH, buffering capacity and salivary flow volume in children with DS aging 2-8 years-old in the city of Curitiba (PR). Material and methods: Saliva samples were collected from 20 children with DS. The following parameters were evaluated: buffering capacity, flow rate, pH, and concentrations of calcium, urea and total proteins. Results:There was a normal distribution among the variables and the values observed were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Conclusion:The results of this study revealed that there were no statistically significant differences in salivary flow, pH, buffering capacity, urea, calcium and total proteins in the subjects studied.

Introdução: Erosão dentária é a perda irreversível dos tecidos dentários duros causada por ácidos e/ou quelação química sem envolvimento bacteriano. Vários estudos mostraram que há um aumento de sua prevalência em crianças, jovens e adultos e associam a erosão dentária ao consumo de bebidas ácidas, incluindo sucos de fruta industrializados. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o pH, a capacidade de tamponamento (CT) e a quantidade de carboidratos totais e de sacarose em 15 sucos de fruta light ou “zero açúcar”. Material e métodos: O pH foi verificado com auxílio de um potenciômetro Mettler Toledo 320. A CT foi estipulada por titulometria, gotejando-se NaOH 0,1 N em amostras de cada suco até que o pH delas atingisse 7,0. Os carboidratos totais foram determinados pelo método do fenolsulfúrico, e a sacarose, incubando-se cada amostra de bebida com a enzima invertase. Resultados: O valor médio de pH encontrado foi de 2,61 (±0,29). Os sucos analisados necessitaram, em média, de 6,2 mL (±1,9) de NaOH 0,1N para elevar o pH até 7,0. Os carboidratos totais observados nas análises foram condizentes com os valores descritos nas embalagens. O conteúdo de sacarose verificado em cada bebida foi muito pequeno e variou de 0,60 a 0,93 g / 200 mL. Conclusão: Este estudo mostrou que as 15 bebidas avaliadas tinham pH extremamente baixo e potencial erosivo, uma vez que a maioria dos sucos apresentou alta capacidade de tamponamento. A quantidade de sacarose presente em cada bebida é muito pequena, sugerindo que não são cariogênicas. Entretanto são necessários estudos futuros que demonstrem a ação dessas bebidas sobre a superfície dentária.

This study, through a literature review, aimed to present the key aspects found in Bipolar Affective Disorder (BAD), as well as present a case report of a patient who received dental care in the Special Patient Course at the Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná (PUCPR). Case report: Female patient, 30 years of age, leukoderma, diagnosed by medical and psychological exams as suffering from BAD and slight mental retardation. The most evident characteristics inherent to the primary illness included swings in mood and affection as well as bipolar or manic depressions. The special school where she studied and worked referred her to receive dental care in the special patient course of PUCPR. Her main complaint was the lack of upper front teeth and the esthetic. The treatment plan included adequacy of oral environment through basic periodontal therapy and production of removable partial dentures. Conclusion: People with BAD requires extra care with regard to behavioral management.

Phaseolus lunatus L. is a species with great diversity, which can be explored in breeding programs when adequately characterized. In this work, we evaluated the phenotypic variations of P. lunatus seeds by image analysis using seeds from 13 genotypes from three states: Sergipe (G1, G2, G3, G4, G5, G6, G7, and G8), Bahia (G9 and G10) and Alagoas (G11, G12, and G13). For the analyses, the weight of 100 seeds was estimated, and, in the Groundeye (TBit®), the morphometry by area (mm²), maximum diameter (mm) and minimum diameter (mm), and the descriptors dominant color and RGB color system. The morphometric variables were submitted to variance analysis by the F test, and the means clustered by the Skott-Knott test at 5%. The data were submitted to Pearson correlation analysis (t-Student at 5%), grouped according to dissimilarity by the UPGMA, and represented in the dendrogram. The evaluated characters were submitted to principal component analysis (PCA). Concerning the dominant color, there was a predominance of orange in nine genotypes. As for the RGB color system, G1 presented the highest values and G11 the lowest. G7 was superior for morphometric variables, except for the weight of 100 seeds. There is a positive and significant association for morphometry. There are two homogeneous and distinct groups in the dendrogram, and the first two principal components were responsible for 86.80% of the genotypes' variation. Therefore, applying high-resolution images for phenotypic characteristics of creole bean seeds is a promising nondestructive tool aiming for selection.