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La verificación de la información es una de las actividades periodísticas que más relevancia ha adquirido en los últimos años, como consecuencia del incremento de la circulación de las noticias falsas y la facilidad para difundirlas a través de plataformas como las redes sociales. Esta investigación analiza la estructura, composición y funcionamiento de las plataformas independientes de verificación de la información que hay en España e Italia. Para alcanzar este propósito se han utilizado diferentes técnicas cualitativas, como el estudio de caso aplicado a cada una de las iniciativas, las entrevistas semiestructuradas en profundidad a sus cofundadores o responsables y el análisis de contenido web. Se trata de una triangulación de técnicas que ha permitido extraer conclusiones y aportar ejemplos de interés a la investigación Los resultados revelan que estos proyectos cuentan con una amplia comunidad de seguidores en las redes sociales y se definen por una plantilla multidisciplinar que verifica principalmente las declaraciones políticas y las informaciones que circulan por la Red y cuyo modelo de negocio se aleja del convencional del periodismo.
Se analiza la percepción que existe en el sector profesional y académico sobre el uso de inteligencia artificial en periodismo. El trabajo se ha desarrollado a lo largo de once meses mediante entrevistas a responsables de innovación de varios medios nacionales (N=10) y a docentes universitarios (N=10) y cuestionarios a periodistas (N=251) y a estudiantes de Periodismo y Comunicación Audivosiual (N=194). Los resultados muestran una coincidencia en ambos discursos en que esta tecnología no tendrá un impacto negativo sobre el mercado laboral periodístico. También existe consenso en que la calidad de las noticias automatizadas presenta algunas carencias importantes, así como en la necesidad de apostar por una sólida formación de los periodistas que integre el uso de las tecnologías emergentes.
Research about the use of Artificial Intelligence applied to journalism has increased over the years. The studies conducted in this field between January 2008 and December 2019 were analysed to understand the contexts in which they have been developed and the challenges detected. The method used consisted of a systematic review of the scientific literature (SLR) of 209 scientific documents published in the Web of Science and Scopus databases. The validation required the inclusion and exclusion criteria, database identification, search engines and evaluation and description of results. The findings indicate that the largest number of publications related to this topic are concentrated in the United States and that the rise of scientific production on Artificial Intelligence in journalism takes place in 2015, when the remarkable growth of these publications begins, until reaching 61 in 2019. It is concluded that research is mainly published in scientific journals, which include works that handle a broad variety of topics, such as information production, data journalism, big data, application in social networks or information checking. In relation to authorship, the trend is the presence of a single signer.
This research analyses the organization, work processes and quality of the information produced by Narrativa Inteligencia Artificial, the only company in Spain that writes journalistic texts using the software known as Gabriele for distribution to various media. The study was conducted over a six month period using in-depth, semi-structured interviews with four company professionals with complementary profiles, as well as participant observation during the process of creating an automated news item, and an online questionnaire filled out by 145 journalists (N=145) to assess the quality of the texts produced. The results show that the start-up company fulfils the demands of different sectors such as communication media, and has been increasing the productivity of its content, although it still does not generate complex texts, as this is one of many human qualities that robots continue to lack.
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