Conventional approaches to bone regeneration rarely use multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) but instead use polymeric matrices filled with hydroxyapatite, calcium phosphates and bioactive glasses. In this study, we prepared composites of MWCNTs/polycaprolactone (PCL) for bone regeneration as follows: (a) MWCNTs randomly dispersed on PCL, (b) MWCNTs aligned with an electrical field to determine if the orientation favors the growing of human dental pulp stem cells (HDPSCs), and (c) MWCNTs modified with β-glycerol phosphate (BGP) to analyze its osteogenic potential. Raman spectroscopy confirmed the presence of MWCNTs and BGP on PCL, whereas the increase in crystallinity by the addition of MWCNTs to PCL was confirmed by X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry. A higher elastic modulus (608 ± 4.3 MPa), maximum stress (42 ± 6.1 MPa) and electrical conductivity (1.67 × 10(-7) S/m) were observed in non-aligned MWCNTs compared with the pristine PCL. Cell viability at 14 days was similar in all samples according to the live/dead assay, but the 21 day cell proliferation, measured by MTT was higher in MWCNTs aligned with BGP. Von Kossa and Alizarin red showed larger amounts of mineral deposits on MWCNTs aligned with BGP, indicating that at 21 days, this scaffold promotes osteogenic differentiation of HDPSCs.

Nowadays, regenerative medicine has paid special attention to research (in vitro and in vivo) related to bone regeneration, specifically in the treatment of bone fractures or skeletal defects, which is rising worldwide and is continually demanding new developments in the use of stem cells, growth factors, membranes and scaffolds based on novel nanomaterials, and their applications in patients by using advanced tools from molecular biology and tissue engineering. Strontium (Sr) is an element that has been investigated in recent years for its participation in the process of remodeling and bone formation. Based on these antecedents, this is a review about the Strontium Folate (SrFO), a recently developed non-protein based bone-promoting agent with interest in medical and pharmaceutical fields due to its improved features in comparison to current therapies for bone diseases.

The ideal construction and tissue substitute with adjusted characteristics and functionalities for the regeneration of bone defects are still under investigation. Current approaches have focused on the use of various biocompatible materials that have been synthesized with carbon-based materials with physicochemical characteristics that contribute to the differentiation of specific stem cell lineages. This work reports on the potential of poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) membranes loaded with β-glycerol phosphate (β-GP) functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes (f-MWCNTs) to induce differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (HDPSCs) into osteoblasts. The HDPSCs were seeded on unmodified PCL + f-MWCNTs and β-GP decorated PCL + f-MWCNTs membranes, and then, physicochemical, mechanically and biologically characterized. It was observed an increase in the mechanical properties of PCL by MWCNTs addition rendering a more hydrophilic membrane those containing β-GP. Live/Dead and MTT cytotoxicity tests showed a higher number of living cells in PCL + f-MWCNTs + β-GP membranes, whereas von Kossa showed calcium deposits. After Wistar rat implantation, new bone formation was found around the critical size calvaria defects indicating that these membranes have the ability to enhance the osteodifferentiation of HDPSCs by increasing mineralization.

This document is about the reflection that it has fallen into a social paradigm of unwanted leadership, so it is necessary to change the paradigm of Kuhn and apply it and train young people in higher education, through Educational Institution, where values are taught and learned that must differentiate between the Nicomachean ethics and the attitudes towards the work groups that they will direct so that they take them to a state of true work teams. Some authors who use values and attitudes to establish future leadership projects are analyzed. Mention is made in the introduction and with a major emphasis on Aristotle's Nicomaquea ethics, taking into account the unseating by leaders who have given bad examples in ethics and applying a theoretical platform of the concept of educational leadership and providing what should be the educational profile with a method of analysis between ethics and values in leadership with a development focused on moral and spiritual values , and that finally concludes by contrasting the values mentioned in this article with the anti-values that educational leaders often apply in practices even if that is not their intention. In the hope in this article that this article will serve teachers and students, that the former have the role of being leaders and the latter will then be played either in their field of work, as in other communities and social interactions with the environment.

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