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The article analyzes the relationship between patterns of interaction state-society and the dynamic management of water resources in Brazil, from a parallel between the implementation of this policy and the model proposed by Nunes (1997; 2003), on the four grammars policies institutionalized in the country. Discusses the need for consolidation of new institutions face the issue of water from the Law No. 9433/97, which regulates the National Water Resources Policy (PNRH) and Decree No. 8.243 / 14 establishing the National Policy on Social Participation. Points out, in his concluding remarks, the emergence of participation as a fifth grammar to be incorporated into the Brazilian political structure to strengthen deliberative spaces and expansion of structures that allow alternative means of dealing with conflict.

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O presente artigo aborda conceitos teóricos econômicos básicos (teorias de jogos e de capital social) que podem auxiliar no entendimento e na gestão mais efetiva dos recursos de uso comum, como é o caso da água e dos comitês de bacia. Partimos do pressuposto de que a incorporação de alguns instrumentais analíticos das Ciências Sociais atuais podem permitir aos leitores, mesmo sem intimidade com essa literatura, perceberem tanto a complexidade da ação coletiva quanto as dificuldades da gestão de recursos de uso comum.