Objective:The objective of this work was to establish whether the time of evolution and lifestyles were associated with adherence to treatment in a group of patients.Design and method:A cross-sectional analytical descriptive study was obtained using simple random sampling, a sample of 272 patients was obtained, of which 63% were female, average age of 55 years and average evolution time 7.5 years. The information was obtained using the treatment adherence questionnaire for cases of arterial hypertension factor II (Varela) modified for diabetics with a Cronbach alpha of 0.86. Data were processed with STATGRAPHIC Centurion 18 software and the R statistic. Hypotheses were tested with Wilcoxon rank test for evolution time and chi square test for lifestyles.Results:With a p-value < 0.05 for evolution time and the dimensions of the lifestyles studied: eating habits, practice of physical activity, it is concluded that adherence to diabetes treatments is associated with the time of evolution and with the practice of healthy lifestyles related to food and practice of physical activity.Conclusions:Adherence to treatments in patients with diabetes is associated with the time of evolution and the practice of good lifestyles. These two factors can be taken as predictors, which is why it must be rigorously monitored by health authorities
Este tratado sigue el siguiente esquema: se presenta, primero el vector score y la matriz de información de los modelos logístico y saturado multinomial con tres posibles niveles de respuesta a partir de la primera y segunda derivada de la función de verosimilitud respecto a los parámetros de los modelos; las relaciones entre el vector score y la matriz de información; la estandarización multivariante de las variables de entrada de cada modelo; las respectivas distribuciones asintóticas; las pruebas de comparación y selección de modelos que abarcan para la variable politómica con tres niveles los modelos logístico y saturado, logístico y submodelo, logístico con el modelo nulo, y logístico con el submodelo de una variable explicativa menos.
Introducción. El consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en mujeres embarazadas se ha convertido en un problema de salud pública debido a las consecuencias que ocasiona no solo en la madre como consumidora, sino también en el producto de la gestación. Asimismo, el consumo de estas sustancias puede asociarse con algunas alteraciones en el desarrollo neurológico identificadas en la infancia, tales como los trastornos del comportamiento (trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad y trastorno del espectro autista), los trastornos cognitivos y las alteraciones sensorio-motrices. Objetivos. Realizar una revisión sistemática exhaustiva sobre los trastornos del neurodesarrollo infantil asociados al consumo materno de sustancias psicoactivas. Métodos. Se realizó una búsqueda de la literatura científica en las bases de datos PubMed, ClinicalKey y ScienceDirect sobre artículos que hablaran acerca de los trastornos del neurodesarrollo asociados al consumo materno de sustancias psicoactivas durante la gestación y publicados en revistas indexadas en los últimos 10 años, con corte a junio 2021. Resultados. Se identificaron 357 artículos distribuidos así: 170 en PubMed, 150 en ScienceDirect y 37 en ClincialKey. Por criterios de exclusión se eliminaron 318, quedando para lectura completa 39 artículos: (18 de PubMed, 12 de ClinicalKey y 9 ScienceDirect). De estos, se excluyeron 32 por ser revisiones sistemáticas, ya que no son estudios primarios y se pretendía hacer la revisión sobre estudios de este tipo; por no contar con grupo control, y por tener desenlaces no relacionados con la pregunta PICO, quedando finalmente para evaluación de calidad siete artículos en los cuales los autores coinciden en que el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas por parte de la madre durante la gestación constituye un factor de riesgo para el desarrollo infantil. Conclusiones. Los estudios seleccionados, aunque eran heterogéneos, permitieron identificar la relación existente entre el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en las gestantes y los trastornos del neurodesarrollo en sus hijos. Sin embargo, se recomienda seguir haciendo trabajos primarios que permitan obtener mayor evidencia científica relacionada con el tema o revisiones sistemáticas que incluyan estudios de un mismo diseño metodológico.
Objective: To identify through a review of scientific literature the association between cardiovascular diseases and severity in the clinical picture of patients with Covid-19 Design and method: To answer the PICO question: is there an association between cardiovascular diseases and the severity of the clinical picture of patients with Covid-19? An exhaustive review of scientific articles based on the PRISMA methodology was carried out, between June 16 and July 26, 2022, in the PubMed, UpToDate, ScienceDirect, Scielo, and National Library of Medicine databases. The terms Mesh, Patient, Men, Womans, Age, Sex, COVID-19, Coronavirus, Sars-Cov-2, Cardiovascular Diseases, Heart Disease, Risk Factors, Myocardial infarction, Stroke, were combined with Boolean AND OR NOT operators and were entered into database search engines. The established limits were type of study, type of document, language, date of publication. Studies referring to children and adolescents, pregnant women were excluded; Studies referring to adult patients with Covid-19 with and without a history of cardiovascular disease were included. The studies identified after passing the established filters were assessed for methodological quality with Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) applied to observational studies. Those preselected underwent an assessment of the level of evidence with the proposal of the Oxford Center for Evidence-Based Medicine (CEBM), those who obtained a high level and grade of recommendation were included in this review. Results: Six studies that passed all the filters were selected. An association was identified between diseases and cardiovascular risk with the severity of the clinical picture and in some cases fatal outcome. Associated comorbidities were: diabetes (OR 3.39 95% CI, 2.14-5.37); p = 0.0001, z = 5.206; (OR 2.61, 95% CI: 2.02–3.39), (OR: 2.27, 95% CI: 1.87–2.74); cerebrovascular disease (OR 4.85, 95% CI: 3.11–7.57); cardiovascular disease (OR 4.81, 95% CI: 3.43–6.74), (OR:3.44, 95% CI: 2.65–4.48); hypertension (OR: 2.51, 95% CI: 2.13–2.95). Conclusions: The cardiovascular risk and diseases predispose to the development of critical illness, with longer hospital stays, admission to intensive care units, application of mechanical ventilation, and in some cases the death of patients who contract Covid-19.
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