Chemical deposition of normalPbS from aqueous solutions has been studied using a reaction of normalPbSfalse(NO3)2 and CSfalse(NH2)2 with excess normalNaOH . The growth rate was measured as a function of temperature and concentrations of normalNaOH and CSfalse(NH2)2 using glass substrates. It is found that the incubation time depends on temperature and CSfalse(NH2)2 concentration. Epitaxial growth of normalPbS on Ge(100) and normalInPfalse(100false) substrates is confirmed by means of the Laue back reflection x‐ray and the electron channeling patterns. The best surface morphology is obtained on the epitaxial film grown on normalInPfalse(100false) substrate at 298 K with the concentrations of normalNaOH and CSfalse(NH2)2 at 0.57 and 0.4 M/liter, respectively.

Sparkle contrast strongly depends on the measurement conditions, such as Working Distance (WD), F# setting of lens, filtering method of removing the display pixel components, etc. However, there is no established understanding how and why the sparkle contrast depends on the measurement conditions. We have succeeded to explain the dependence clearly from the view point of spatial frequency range limited by Aperture Angle (AA), camera sampling property, filtering property, and the angular distribution of the AG scattering property. We also showed the ranking of sparkle contrast could be inversed in some conditions, and we found that AA should be set to 0.35 degree or less to evaluate the sparkle level which we observed by human-eye .

Display Sparkle contrast can be measured in various conditions. However, no criteria are shown for avoiding aliasing effect which could cause undesired error. We show the criteria and demonstrate the example of the undesired error.

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