Thrombosis is characterized by congenital and acquired procatarxis. Nattokinase inhibits thrombus formation in vitro. However, in vivo evaluation of the therapeutic efficacy of nattokinase against thrombosis remains to be conducted. Subcutaneous nattokinase injections of 1 or 2 mg/ml were administered to the tails of rats. Subsequently, ĸ-carrageenan was intravenously administered to the tails at 12 h after nattokinase injections. The mean length of the infarcted regions in the tails of rats was significantly shorter in rats administered 2 mg/ml of nattokinase than those in control rats. Nattokinase exhibited significant prophylactic antithrombotic effects. Previously, the in vitro efficacy of nattokinase against thrombosis had been reported; now our study has revealed the in vivo efficacy of nattokinase against thrombosis.

M., SATO, T. and SUNAMOTO, J. Polysaccharide-Coated Liposomal Amphotericin B for the Treatment of Murine Pulmonary Candidiasis. Tohoku J. Exp. Med., 1992, 168 (3), [483][484][485][486][487][488][489][490] Amylopectin-coated liposomal amphotericin B was investigated in a murine model of pulmonary candidiasis. The LD50 of amylopectincoated liposomal amphotericin B in normal mice was more than 10.0 mg/kg, and that of conventional amphotericin B was 1.2 mg/kg. Amylopectin-coated liposomes showed twice the concentration in the lungs of conventional liposomes. Candida albicans was inoculated intratracheally into BALB/C mice. Twentyfour hours later, the number of Candida in the lungs of mice treated with amylopectin-coated liposomes was less than in those treated with conventional liposomes, and amylopectin-coated liposomes improved the survival rate of inoculated mice. Coating liposomes with amylopectin aids the targeting of amphotericin B to the lungs. liposome ; amphotericin B ; amylopectin ; pulmonary candidiasis ; HPLC Encapsulation of amphotericin B with liposomes decreases its toxicity (Graybill et al. 1982;Lopez-Berestein et al. 1984b). We also confirmed reduced toxicity and increased efficacy of liposomal amphotericin B in murine candidiasis (Miyazaki et al. 1990). Liposomes distribute mainly in the reticuloendothelial systems, but coating liposomes with polysaccharide reduced the distribution. Takada and co-workers reported that polysaccharide-coated liposomes distributed more preferentially in the lungs than conventional liposomes (Takada et al. 1984). In the present study, the higher concentrations of polysaccharide-coated liposomes in lungs suggested their therapeutic efficacy in respiratory infection. We used these polysaccharide-coated liposomes as an amphotericin B carrier for the therapy of murine pulmonary candidiasis.

Thrombosis is characterized by congenital and acquired procatarxis. Lactic acid bacteria-fermented soybean milk products (FS-LAB) inhibit hepatic lipid accumulation and prevent atherosclerotic plaque formation. However, the therapeutic efficacy of FS-LAB against thrombosis has yet to be investigated. In this study, FS-LAB were administered subcutaneously into the tails of rats, with the subsequent intravenous administration of κ-carrageenan 12 hr after the initial injection. In general, administration of κ-carrageenan induces thrombosis. The length of the infarcted tail regions was significantly shorter in the rats administered a single-fold or double-fold concentration of the FS-LAB solution compared with the region in control rats. Therefore, FS-LAB exhibited significant antithrombotic effects. Our study is the first to characterize the properties of FS-LAB and, by testing their efficacy on an in vivo rat model of thrombosis, demonstrate the potency of their antithrombotic effect.

The injection of an MTX suspension is useful for increasing the tissue concentration and maintaining the long-term effectiveness of MTX, and this technique might offer a new approach in the treatment of ectopic pregnancy (EP) or in second-line therapy for persistent EP.

The fermented products from milk whey(PS-H1)was cultivated using of Lactobacillus,Lactococcus,Streptococcus,Leuconostoc,Acetobacter and Saccharomyces ets.The hypocholesterolemic effect of the PS-H1 was examined in the rats fed a high cholesterol diet.The atherogenic diets containing 1%PS-Hl was given to four-weekold wistar rats for 28 days.After 28 days of feeding,serum total cholesterol concentration was significantly lowered in the rats fed PS-H1 group than control group,but there were no significant difference in the liver cholesterol among the group.There was a higher concentration of Albumin,IgG and IgA in serum of the PS-H1 group compared control group. We suggest the possible presence of a component in the PS-H1 which promotes the activation of protein synthesis in the liver.