The case of excavation of excavated land C which occurred in Muara Satu Subdistrict, Lhokseumawe City, excavation activities of C excavated soil in the Padang Sakti Mountains and Paloh Punti Muara Satu Lhokseumawe areas without a permit, became increasingly uncontrollable by the excavation owner and the excavation entrepreneur. Dredging activities in the area are of great concern to a number of people because they can cause environmental damage.The purpose of this study is to identify and explain civil liability in extracting C minerals, civil liability barriers in extracting C minerals, and efforts to resolve civil liability barriers in extracting C minerals in Lhokseumawe City. This type of research is an empirical juridical research, namely an integrative and conceptual method of analysis to identify, process and analyze documents to understand the meaning, significance, and relevance that produces descriptive data in the form of written or spoken words from people or observed behavior. The results showed that the form of Civil Accountability in extracting C minerals in Muara Satu Subdistrict, Lhokseumawe City, such as the responsibility of the perpetrator to the victim of excavating C excavation material due to illegal actions, pollution and / or environmental destruction, loss of other people or the environment, and accountability. activities to pay compensation and / or take certain actions. Obstacles to civil accountability in excavating C excavation materials in Muara Satu Kota Lhokseumawe include internal barriers including lack of knowledge of legal responsibility, lack of concern for environmental damage, and lack of coordination between the authorities. Then external factors due to economic limitations, factors of limited education, lack of legal awareness in the community and lack of coordination between parties. Efforts to resolve internal Civil Accountability Barriers include negotiating with the community, improving coordination with all related parties, and conducting mediation. Then efforts to resolve external obstacles include coordination with all related parties, regularly supervising mining activities without permits, coordinating between parties and Deliberations and conducting community legal outreach. It is recommended that law enforcement against the excavation of illegal land C excavation should be maximized and it is necessary to arrest the perpetrators of illegal land extraction and not only take preventive measures.

This study describes how murabahah for sharia banking KPR products operate as well as murabahah for KPR products that have indications of hilah (legal engineering). This study uses a qualitative method of literature (library research) as a research approach. The findings of this study indicate that Islamic banking has modified the original concept of murabahah contracts, namely that the bank does not yet have a house to sell. The murabahah contract is implemented through murabahah li al-amir bi al-shira' (the buyer requests and authorizes another party to buy an item with certain criteria, then he promises to buy the item throughselling murabahah). This shows that the bank is no longer selling goods, but only representing customers through wakalah. The role of the bank is to support funds, not to enter into a sale and purchase contract. So that shows that the murabahah of Sharia KPR is formulated through the hilah based on the indications and parameters of hilah. However, hilah on murabahah are categorized as hilah masyru'ah (hilah are allowed). It can be concluded that the murabahah of Sharia KPR can be used for a limited time, but it is not an ideal contract concept to be used for a long time.

Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup dimana kegiatan tersebut termasuk dalam tindakan, usaha menghasilkan dan/atau mengelola limbah B3, dan/atau yang menimbulkan ancaman serius terhadap lingkungan hidup bertanggung jawab mutlak atas kerugian yang terjadi. Kasus pengalian tanah galian C yang terjadi di Kecamatan Muara Satu Kota Lhokseumawe, aktivitas penggalian tanah galian C di kawasan Pegunungan Padang Sakti dan Paloh Punti Muara Satu Lhokseumawe tidak berizin semakin tidak terkendali yang dilakukan oleh pemilik galian dengan pengusaha galian. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan menjelaskan pertanggungjawaban perdata dalam penggalian bahan galian C, hambatan-hambatan pertanggungjawaban perdata dalam penggalian bahan galian C dan upaya penyelesaian hambatan pertanggungjawaban perdata dalam penggalian bahan galian C di Kota Lhokseumawe. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yuridis empiris yaitu metode analisis yang integratif dan lebih secara konseptual untuk mengidentifikasi, mengolah dan menganalisis dokumen untuk memahami makna, signifikasi, dan relevansi yang menghasilkan data deskriptif berupa kata-kata tertulis maupun lisan dari orang-orang atau perilaku yang diamati. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bentuk pertanggungjawaban Perdata dalam penggalian bahan galian C di Kecamatan Muara Satu Kota Lhokseumawe seperti pertanggungjawaban pelaku terhadap korban penggalian bahan galian C disebabkan adanya perbuatan melawan hukum, adanya pencemaran dan/atau perusakan lingkungan, adanya kerugian orang lain atau lingkungan, dan pertanggungjawaban kegiatan membayar ganti rugi. Hambatan pertanggungjawaban perdata dalam penggalian bahan galian C adalah hambatan interna meliputi kurangnya pengetahuan tentang tanggungjawab hukum, kurangnya kepedulian akan kerusakan lingkungan, dan kurangnya koordinasi antara pihak yang berwajib. Kemudian faktor eksternal karena keterbatasan ekonomi, faktor keterbatasan pendidikan, kurangnya kesadaran hukum pada masyarakat dan kurangnya koordinasi antara pihak. Upaya penyelesaian hambatan pertanggungjawaban perdata internal meliputi melakukan negoisasi dengan masyarakat, meningkatkan koordinasi dengan semua pihak terkait, dan melakukan mediasi. Kemudian upaya penyelesaian hambatan eksternal meliputi koordinasi dengan semua pihak terkait, melakukan pengawasan kegiatan pertambangan tanpa izin secara rutin, melakukan koordinasi antara pihak dengan Musyawarah dan melakukan sosialisasi hukum masyarakat.Disarankan kepada penegakan hukum terhadap penggalian tanah galian C ilegal ini harus lebih maksimal dan perlu dilakukan penangkapan terhadap pelaku penggerukan tanah secara ilegal dan tidak hanya melakukan upaya pencegahan saja.