Ion-conductive liquid-crystalline molecules with high-oxidation resistance, which were designed with density functional theory calculation, improved charge–discharge reactions in Li-ion batteries.

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atniospheriL pressuie using a vibrating mbe digital density meter (Anton Paar DMA 60t605) Frorn experimental densiLy data the pdrtial molar volunies of proteins were estrmated lt was found that the partial motar volume mLreaseg for myogrobi-deLrLases tor BSA and is eonstant for J)sozyme with mLreasmg C60H moldr!ty Sirm]aily the partiai molar volumes were obtamed Ior the TFE systems From these results the volume and bmding bcha-oT o{ proteing and alcoholb wag Lxam]ned in rLlatien to thL lt} drophobiLity ofprotein surfaLL and the rlgldltyofprotelnstructure To LharackTiiL tl]e calLium ion effl.Lt we performed clustering amalysis of al1 force extension cumes

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Floral transition, regulated by the systemic action of the mobile florigen protein FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), is essential for successful plant reproduction1. How FT controls downstream gene expression remains incompletely understood, although it relies on the florigen activation complex (FAC), a core component of FT function2–4. The FAC is a nucleus-localized transcriptional activator of genes encoding MADS-box transcription factors critical to reproductive development and consists of florigen FT; a scaffold 14-3-3 protein that is a key component for complex assembly; and FD, a basic leucine-zipper protein that recruits the FAC to DNA. Here we report that the FAC exhibits phase separation. In rice shoot apical meristem cells, rice florigen Heading date 3a (Hd3a) fused to the green fluorescent protein formed speckles in the nucleus. The FAC speckle is formed in a FAC-dependent manner in tobacco cells. Recombinant Hd3a, but not OsFD1, phase-separated in vitro, and this effect was enhanced in the presence of 14-3-3 protein. Furthermore, mutations affecting functionally important residues in the pocket region or C-terminal disordered region of Hd3a affected FAC phase separation, providing a biochemical framework for the protein’s effect on flowering. The ability to form condensates via phase transition represents a previously unknown mechanism for gene activation by the FAC.