In this study, we investigated the antioxidant activity of ethanol extracts of propolis (EEP) and vitamin C on biochemical indicators and antioxidant enzyme activities of broilers exposed to heat stress (at 34 °C). The experimental groups were as follows: group I (positive control) and group II (control) were fed a basal diet, group III (vitamin C) was fed a basal diet supplemented with 250 mg vitamin C as ascorbic acid/kg, group IV (EEP-0.5) was fed a basal diet supplemented with 0.5 g EEP/kg, group V (EEP-1) was fed a basal diet supplemented with 1 g EEP/kg, group VI (EEP-3) was fed a basal diet supplemented with 3 g EEP/kg. Plasma superoxide dismutase levels of positive control, control, vitamin C, EEP-0.5, EEP-1 and EEP-3 groups were found as 0.34, 1.23, 0.50, 0.90, 0.30 and 0.41 μkat/ml, respectively (p < 0.01). Aspartate transaminase (except for EEP-0.5 and EEP-1 groups) and alkaline phosphatase in the control group were significantly higher than those of positive control, vitamin-C and EEP-3 groups. Malondialdehyde level in plasma, liver and muscle tissues of control group were found significantly (p < 0.05) higher than those of positive control and EEP-3 groups. Catalase activities of blood, liver, kidney and heart were the highest in the control group. Reduced glutathione activities of plasma and liver of all groups were not significantly different from each other, whereas those of muscle, kidney and heart were significantly higher in the control group. Significantly lower levels of glutathione peroxidase were found in blood, liver and kidney tissues of the control group (p < 0.05), whereas those of muscle and heart were similar in all groups. The results of the present study suggest that EEP and specially EEP at the supplemented dose of 3 mg/kg diet might be considered to prevent oxidative stress in the broilers exposed to heat stress.

SummaryIn this study, the effects of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) oil supplementation to diet were investigated on performance, carcass traits and some blood parameters of Japanese quails exposed to a high ambient temperature of 34°C. A total of 180 fifteen-day-old quails were divided into 6 treatments consisting of 10 birds of 3 replicates. All groups were balanced according to initial live weight and gender. Birds were kept in wire cages in temperaturecontrolled room at either 22°C for 24 h/d (thermo neutral-TN) or 22°C for 16 h/d and 34°C (heat stress-HS) for 8 h/d (from 9:00 to 17:00) during the study. Trial was conducted as a 2x3 factorial arrangement. Birds were fed either a basal (control) diet (TN and HS) or the basal diet supplemented with 125 or 250 ppm of rosemary oil. The highest final live weight was observed in 250 ppm rosemary oil under the TN condition and the lowest was in control group of HS. HS condition affected negatively on quail live weight (P<0.05), but the effect of rosemary oil on this parameter was not significant (P>0.05). Live weight gain and feed intake were not significantly different among the treatment groups (P>0.05). Feed conversion ratio was better in rosemary oil groups than control groups in both environmental conditions (P<0.01). Heat stress deteriorated carcass yield (P<0.01). The highest hot and cold carcass yield (g/100 g of body weight) was observed in 250 ppm rosemary oil added group under the TN condition, but this difference did not significant. Birds kept in HS conditions had greater glucose level than hens kept in TN conditions (P<0.01). Rosemary oil decreased blood glucose level, especially in 250 ppm group of HS (P<0.05). Total, HDL, LDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels were not significantly different among the treatment groups (P>0.05). In conclusion, rosemary oil supplementation reduced the negative effects of heat stress. Rosemary oil could be considered as a potential natural feed additive, following further studies. Keywords ÖzetBu çalışmada, karma yeme ilave edilen biberiye (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) yağının yüksek çevre sıcaklığına (34°C) maruz bırakılan Japon bıldırcınlarında performans, karkas özellikleri ve bazı kan parametreleri üzerine etkileri araştırılmıştır. Toplam olarak 180 adet 15 günlük bıldırcın, her tekerrürde 10 bıldırcının bulunduğu 3 tekerrürlü 6 gruba ayrılmıştır. Tüm gruplar başlangıç canlı ağırlıkları ve cinsiyet bakımından dengelenmiştir. Bıldırcınlar, çalışma süresince sıcaklık kontrollü odalarda 22°C'de 24 saat/gün (termo nötral-TN) ve 22°C'de 16 saat/gün 34°C'de 8 saat/gün (9:00-17:00) (sıcaklık stresi-HS) tel kafeslerde barındırılmıştır. Deneme 2x3 faktöriyel deneme düzenine göre yapılmıştır. Bıldırcınlar temel yem (kontrol) (TN ve HS) ve temel yeme 125 ve 250 ppm biberiye yağı ilave edilen karma yemler ile beslenmiştir. En yüksek canlı ağırlık TN bölümünde 250 ppm biberiye yağı ile beslenen grupta, en düşük canlı ağırlık ise sıcaklık stresi uygulanan tarafta kontrol grubunda gözlenmiştir. Sıcaklık stresi (HS) bıldırc...

No abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine the changes to occur in egg production, egg quality traits, hatchability, and oxidative stress parameters of laying quails fed with high calorie diets and effect of milk thistle (Silybum marianum) seed on these changes. A total of 75 45-day-old quails including 60 females and 15 males were used in the study. The quails were divided into 5 groups with three repetitions. 4 females and 1 male were used in each repetition. The groups of the study were arranged as following; control group (C) consuming corn-soybean based basal diet, oil group (SFO) in which 5% sun flower oil was added into basal diet, oil + milk thistle group (SFO+MT) in which 5% sun flower oil + 1% milk thistle seed was added into basal diet, syrup group (CS) in which 10% corn syrup was added into basal diet, and syrup + milk thistle group (CS+MT) in which 10% corn syrup + 1% milk thistle was added into basal diet. Total egg production was found to be significantly higher in SFO and SFO+MT groups of present study (P<0.05). Feed intake, total egg weight and feed conversion were found similar among the groups (P>0.05). The differences among the groups in albumen rate, yolk rate, dried shell rate and shape index were not statistically significant (P>0.05). The best yolk colour was obtained in SFO+MT and CS groups (P<0.01). There were no statistically differences among the groups in hatchability, hatchability of fertile and embrionic mortality (P>0.05), but the difference in examined fertility were statistically significant (P<0.05). Malonyl dialdehyde (MDA) values of blood, liver and heart tissues were similar among the groups of study (P>0.05). MDA level of kidney significantly increased in CS group, however addition of milk thistle seed into diet was reduced MDA level of kidney in CS+MT group (P<0.01). High calorie diets caused changes in antioxidant system in blood and tissues. Consequently, high-calorie basal diets especially addition of SFO improved only egg production and fertility rate. However feeding quails with corn syrup had significantly higher lipid peroxidation in kidney. Supplementation of milk thistle seed into CS group may protect kidney against free radical damage. Keywords ÖzetBu araştırmada yüksek kalorili yemlerle beslenen yumurtacı bıldırcınlarda yumurta verimi, yumurta kalite özellikleri, kuluçka performansı ve oksidatif stres parametrelerinde meydana gelebilecek değişimler ve bu değişimler üzerine deve dikeni (Silybum marianum) tohumunun etkisinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada, 45 günlük yaşta 60 adet dişi, 15 adet erkek olmak üzere toplam 75 adet bıldırcın kullanılmıştır. Araştırma 5 grup ve her grupta 3 tekerrürden oluşturulmuştur. Her bir tekerrürde 4 dişi ve 1 erkek bıldırcın kullanılmıştır. Deneme grupları; mısır-soya esasına dayalı temel karma yemi tüketen kontrol grubu (C), temel diyete % 5 ay çiçeği yağı ilave edilen yağ grubu (SFO), temel diyete %5 ay çiçeği yağı + %1 deve dikeni ilave edilen yağ + deve dikeni grubu (SFO+MT), temel diyete %10 mısır şurubu ilave ...

Bu araştırma, yonca (Medicago sativa L.) silajına meşe palamudu katılmasının silaj fermentasyonu ve aerobik stabilite üzerine etkisini belirlemek üzere planlanmıştır. Bu amaçla yonca silajına farklı oranlarda meşe palamudu (İran palamut meşesi, Quercus brantii lindley) katılmıştır. YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: Çalışmada, yonca silajına, kuru madde esasına göre % 5, 10 ve 20 düzeyinde meşe palamudu karıştırılmış, laboratuvar tipi kavanozlara sıkıştırılarak doldurulup ağzı hava almayacak şekilde kapatılmıştır. Araştırma için biri kontrol üçü deneme grubu olmak üzere toplam 4 grup oluşturulmuş ve her bir deneme grubu için toplam 48 kavanoza silaj hazırlanıp, oda sıcaklığında (20-28oC) muhafaza edilmiştir. Silaj yapıldıktan sonraki 4, 8, 12 ve 60. günlerde her guruptan 3'er kavanoz açılarak kimyasal ve mikrobiyolojik analizler için örnek alınmıştır. BULGULAR: Araştırmada taze yoncanın ham protein (HP) düzeyi % 17.59 iken, fermantasyonun 60. Gününde alınan örneklerde HP düzeyi kontrol ve deneme grupla rında sırasıyla % 16.33, 15.93, 14.96 ve 13.96 olarak tespit edilmiştir (P<0.001). Çalışmada taze materyalin pH değeri 6.85 düzeyinde iken, fermantasyonun 60. gününde kontrol ve deneme gruplarında sırasıyla 5.10, 5.23, 5.38 ve 5.60 olarak tespit edilmiş (P<0.05) ve yonca silajlarına meşe palamudu katılması pH değerlerini olumsuz etkilemiştir. Fermantasyon süresince laktik asit (LA) bakımından gruplar arasında farklılık görülmezken, fermantasyonun 4. gününden itibaren bütün gruplarda NH3-N değerlerinde doğrusal artışlar tespit edilmiştir (P<0.05). Yonca silajına meşe palamudu (MP) katılması maya düzeyi üzerine etki yapmazken (P>0.05), küf düzeyini azaltmıştır (P<0.05). Denemenin 60. gününde açılan silajlarda yapılan aerobik stabilite testinin başlamasından sonraki 66. saate kadar MP katılan guruplarda daha yüksek sıcaklık değerleri ölçülürken (P<0.001), 72. saatten sonra kontrol grubunda daha yüksek değerler tespit edilmiştir (P<0.001). TARTIŞMA ve SONUÇ: Silajlarda tespit edilen maya-küf düzeyleri ile oksijene karşı dayanıklılık testine göre yonca silajları bozulmaya karşı oldukça dayanıklı olduğu görülmüştür. Anahtar Kelimeler: Silaj, yonca, fermantasyon, meşe palamudu SUMMARY INTRODUCTION: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of the addition o f acorn at ensiling on silage fermentation and aerobic stability on alfalfa silage (Medicago sativa L.). For this purpose, alfalfa silage was supplemented with acorn (Iran oak acorns Quercus brantii lindley) at different rates. METHODS: In the study, alfalfa silage was supplemented with 5, 10 and 20% acorn by dry matter basis; the alfalfas were ensiled in laboratory type jars and closed in airtight. For the study, one control and three experimental groups were formed and a total of 48 jars of silage prepare d for each experimental group. Silages were preserved at room temperature (20-28°C). RESULTS: Crude protein levels in samples were determined as control and experimental groups 16.33, 15.93, 14.96,13.96 %, respectively on the 60th day of fermentation, whi le the CP level ...