Introducción: En la actualidad el consumo de bebidas azucaradas ha incrementado y se asocia con la ganancia de peso, principalmente en la población infantil. Es por esto que el objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar el efecto de un programa actividad física y educación nutricional extracurricular sobre variables antropométricas y hábitos alimentarios en niños de edad escolar. Material y métodos: El diseño del estudio fue cuasi-experimental pre/post con grupo control donde se realizó un muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia de una cohorte de 35 niños, divididos en dos grupos, experimental  (GE n=21) y control (GC n=14). Se evaluó la estatura, el peso y la circunferencia de cintura y se aplicó un cuestionario de frecuencia de consumo de bebidas. El programa de intervención tuvo una duración de 9 meses con sesiones de actividad física de 50 minutos y 10 minutos de educación nutricional con una periodicidad de 5 días a la semana. Se utilizó un análisis de varianza 2x2 para determinar la significancia estadística (p≤0.05) por efecto de la intervención en ambos grupos.Resultados: Los sujetos presentaron un aumento de la estatura (GE: 0,04m, p=0,0001; GC: 0.04m,  p=0.0001), del peso corporal (GE: 2,2kg,  p=0.0001; GC: 1,1kg,  p=0,0001) y la circunferencia de cintura solamente incremento en el GE (2,8cm, p=0,02), sin embargo el IMC no cambio significativamente en ambos grupos. El GE disminuyó el consumo de azúcar (14,7g/día, p=0,05) y de kilocalorías (63,4kcal, p=0.05) provenientes de bebidas, mientras que en el GC no se encontraron diferencias significativas. Conclusión: Se pudo notar que el programa de actividad física y educación nutricional tuvo efecto positivo en los hábitos alimentarios de los escolares al disminuir el consumo de bebidas azucaradas, así como la ingesta de azúcar y kilocalorías proveniente de las mismas.

The consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages has been associated with the onset of cardiometabolic diseases. The aim of this study was to describe consumption patterns of sugar-sweetened and dairy beverages and to evaluate their correlation with the body mass index in children residing at the Mexico–USA border. A total of 722 (370 girls, 352 boys) elementary school children aged 9 to 12 years from Tijuana, Mexico, participated in the study. Anthropometric measures were recorded, and a beverage intake questionnaire was completed by the children’s parents. Significant age by sex interactions were found on body mass index Z-scores (p < 0.01). Boys showed higher sugar intake (p < 0.05) and total relative energy consumption from sugar (p < 0.05) than girls. The energy consumption from sugar-sweetened and dairy beverages was similar between sexes (p > 0.05). Sugar intake from beverages was higher than the limit recommended by the World Health Organization in boys (66%) and girls (44%). A high frequency of consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and similar intake of dairy beverages were found in children from the Mexico–USA border. The high consumption of sugar exceeds international recommendations and should be carefully monitored.

Chronic, low-grade inflammation in the elderly, usually known as inflammaging, accelerates the development of age-related diseases, including cancer, obesity, sarcopenia, and cardio-metabolic diseases. Two of the most studied interventions against inflammation are diet supplementation and the regular practice of exercise. The search for this systematic review was performed in Scopus, EBSCO, and PubMed databases within the last 10 years. Only randomized controlled trials that evaluated the effect of supplementation and exercise against inflammatory markers in older adults were included. After applying eligibility criteria and risk-of-bias assessment, 11 studies were included in the systematic review. In total, 638 participants were analyzed and the main supplements evaluated were amino acid or protein supplementation from different sources. In the counterpart, the exercise applied in the evaluations included strengthening exercises or aerobic training. The interventions had a range of duration between 4 and 24 weeks, and the effects on inflammation markers in most of the studies showed a decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines and non- or slightly significant change in anti-inflammatory cytokines. However, these results suggest that exercise and supplement interventions can contribute to diminishing the inflammation process in the elderly. We can also conclude that further well-designed randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm the possible synergistic effects of exercise and food supplementation against inflammation in the elderly due to the limited studies that currently exist. This systematic review was registered in PROSPERO, ID CRD42023387184.

No abstract

El entrenamiento interválico de alta intensidad (EIAI) se ha convertido en un método de entrenamiento estratégico y novedoso para mejorar indicadores cardiovasculares, sin embargo, se ha estudiado poco el efecto sub-crónico sobre la variabilidad de la frecuencia cardiaca. Objetivo: Determinar el efecto crónico de un EIAI sobre el sistema nervioso autónomo en adultos sedentarios. Método: Participaron 20 adultos sedentarios aparentemente sanos (33.3±5.2 años), a quienes se les estimó la velocidad intermitente final. El programa de entrenamiento interválico consistió en 6 semanas (16 sesiones) con descansos de 48 horas entre ellas. La respuesta del sistema nervioso autónomo se evaluó mediante la variabilidad de la frecuencia cardiaca y el índice de estrés. Resultados: No se encontraron diferencias significativas (p< .05) entre las sesiones del programa de EIAI en el índice de estrés y la variabilidad de la frecuencia cardiaca. Conclusión: El entrenamiento interválico de alta intensidad no mostró alteraciones crónicas sobre el sistema nervioso autónomo, por lo cual este tipo de entrenamiento no causa estrés o sobrecarga en población sedentaria. Palabras clave: Ejercicio físico; Ejercicio; Velocidad intermitente final; Variabilidad de la frecuencia cardiaca; índice de estrés. Abstract. High intensity interval training (HIIT) has become a strategic and novel training method to improve cardiovascular indicators, however, studies of the chronic effect on heart rate variability are limited. Objective: To determine the sub-chronic effect of a HIIT on the autonomic nervous system in sedentary adults. Method: 20 apparently healthy sedentary adults (33.3±5.2 years) participated, who were estimated to have their final intermittent speed. The interval training program consisted in 16 sessions with 48-hour breaks between them. Autonomic nervous system response was assessed by heart rate variability and stress score. Results: No significant differences (p< .05) were found between the HIIT program sessions on the stress index and the heart rate variability. Conclusion: The high intensity interval training did not show chronic alterations in the autonomic nervous system, so this type of training does not generate stress or overload in the sedentary population. Key words: Physical exercise; Exercise; Maximum aerobic speed; Hearth rate variability; Stress score.