A maior complexidade da competitividade global e as novas estratégias dos oligopólios industriais incentivaram estudos sobre a eficácia dos modos de coordenação empresarial dos negócios que são distintos do mercado spot, como propriedades contratuais, influências em redes, compartilhamentos de recursos, formas distintas de liderança, etc. Estes mecanismos são tratados por Menard (2004) como complementares aos contratos e são denominados de governanças híbridas. O presente trabalho tem o objetivo de mostrar a governança híbrida empregada em transações entre organizações juridicamente independentes e que optaram por coordenar uma parte das atividades realizadas em conjunto. O setor escolhido é a cadeia do comércio justo internacional de suco de laranja (tradicional e orgânico) e os principais atores envolvidos são organizações de produtores brasileiros de laranja, compradores europeus e certificadores internacionais do comércio socialmente justo. Um interesse maior é dado aos mecanismos de coordenação que são complementares aos contratos e que foram ressaltadas inicialmente por Menard (2004). Esses mecanismos de coordenação se concretizam em uma autoridade privada que é voluntariamente aceita pelas partes envolvidas. Essa autoridade, que pode ser mais ou menos formal, passa a coordenar diversos fatores ligados às transações, envolvendo um tipo misto de governança entre controles e incentivos.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to understand the effect of governance structure alignment, property rights protection, and reputation in generating efficiency in dairy agro-industrial system in Paraná, Brazil, and Midi-Pyrénées, France. Design/methodology/approach Descriptive qualitative research, comprising semi-structured interviews with producers, processors and key agents of the dairy agrindustrial system in Brazil and France, in 2016/2017. Findings As a result, it was identified that measurement generates information about transacted dimensions and when it is shared can generate affect reputation in transactions that leads to system improvement. It was also observed that, in the dairy agro-industrial system, reputation acquired does not reduce all the measurement costs, as the product requires measurement in each all collection, regardless of the reputation created. Research limitations/implications As a limitation of the study, there is a difference in the moments when the interviews were done. In 2016, in France, the context was low prices, while in 2017, in Brazil, there was a rise in prices. This difference could have influenced some responses to the interviews, mainly about efficiency by producers. Practical implications Reputation, protecion of property rights by measurement and information sharing allows reduction costs (transaction, measurement and negotiation costs). This efficiency implies improvement to the system, in cases of milk producers and processors. Social implications Improvements in the dairy system can have repercussions on several other improvements such as better distribution of income among agents in the chain; better-paid producers, which implies the improving quality of lives of these people; better products offered to consumers. Originality/value From a complementary perspective of transaction cost economics and measurement cost economics, reputation and protection of property rights are discussed with a focus on efficiency. Empirically, the paper contains heterogeneous data collected from two countries: Brasil and France.

Objective: To understand how the governance structure between producers and slaughter cooperatives of specialty beef chain in Paraná, Brazil, influence innovation and the remuneration of the value generated.Methodology: Semi-structured interviews were performed with 17 agents from two cooperatives and producers in the specialty beef chain in Paraná, Brazil. Originality: This study seeks to fill a gap in the literature by combining innovation and efficiency theories to assess how agents organize themselves enable them to create and remunerate the value generated.Main results: This study shows that producers and cooperatives organize themselves in a hybrid form involving verbal agreements which enable innovations due to information exchanges between producers. However, possible failures in value distribution stem from the non-remuneration of quality attributes, which may discourage innovations and the performance of the chain.Managerial contributions: Despite failures, cooperatives promote innovation and are a viable alternative for producers to compete in the market. Incentives can mitigate the risks associated with the observed failures. This study provides insights for private and public actions to encourage the formation of these arrangements and to improve the coordination of innovation subsystems.Theoretical contributions: Since efficiency theories underestimate innovation, our analysis employed efficiency and innovation theories, contributing to the better understanding of subsystems which depend on innovation to produce specialty products.