This study aims to investigate the effect of the electrophoretic deposition process (EPD) of natural HA (extracted from bovine bones) with various particle size on Ti-29Nb-13Ta-4.6Zr (TNTZ) coating surfaces. HA particles were refined from bovine bone powders using planetary ball mill and then sieving to separate the particle based on its size. The maximum size according to sieving mesh size is #25 µm, #63 µm and #125 µm. The coating process was conducted by using EPD apparatus with voltage and time process 10V and 5 minutes, respectively, for each sample. The coating layer morphology was observed with Stereo Microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and the thickness was measured with Thickness Gauge. The result shows that the size of the particle determines the coating layer characteristics. The best of HA coating quality according to the implant coating standard is obtained for the 25 µm particle size with the surface coverage is 99%. The thickness is 121 µm and the ratio of chemical composition Calcium and Phosphor Ca/P) is 1,49%. These may be concluded that, on the point of view physical characteristics, natural HA from bovine bone has potential enough as a coating layer to improve the bioactivity implant for biomedical application. However, the mechanical characteristic of the layer is still needed to determine the strength of coating layer for avoiding delamination during application.

Hydroxyapatite (HA) is potentially used as a coating material for titanium alloys to improve their bioactivity and then enhancing the osseointegration characteristic of metal implants for orthopedic application. Electrophoretic Deposition (EPD), one of the coating methods that is widely applied for coating metal because of its simplicity and relatively low cost, is chosen for coating metal implants. HA coating layer quality can be controlled by adjusting applied voltages and coating time of the EPD process. However, the optimum voltage and exposing time has not yet been known for new type titanium implant such as Ti-12Cr and TNTZ. This work is, therefore, focusing on the effect of applied voltage and coating time on the mass growth, HA coating thickness, and surface coverage that can be produced on the surfaces of both alloys, and also on the conventional titanium alloy, Ti6Al4V, for comparison. The result of this work showed that there is a significant influence of the titanium alloy type on the HA layer performances. However, it is necessary to choose a suitable voltage and to expose time for producing a sufficient coating layer that meets the standard of orthopedic implants.

AbstrakLatar belakang:Metode penyembuhan luka telah mengalami perkembangan, baik berupa suatu produk atau stimulan terhadap proses biologis tubuh dalam menkompensasi luka. Fibroblas merupakan salah satu komponen penyembuhan yang berperan penting dalam proses fibroplasia. Culture Filtrate Fibroblast (CFF) merupakan hasil kultur fibroblas yang akan dibuktikan efeknya terhadap proses percepatan penyembuhan luka pada penelitian ini. Metode. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain eksperimental dengan metode post test only control group design dan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) dengan menggunakan tikus putih wistar. Hewan coba dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok, yaitu 2 kelompok perlakuan yang diberikan CFF ke area eksisi luka dan kelompok kontrol yang diberikan larutan NaCl 0,9% ke area eksisi luka. Data diolah dengan SPSS 16.0. Data Kategori dianalisa dengan Chi-squared dan data numerik dengan Independent T-test. Hasil. Dari tingkat penyembuhan tidak ditemukan perbedaan pada kedua kelompok, namun perubahan restriksi jaringan lebih besar pada kelompok perlakuan. Pada skor pembentukan kolagen, derajat epitelisasi serta jumlah pembentukan pembuluh darah baru pada hari ke-3 tidak ditemukan perbedaan antara kedua kelompok. Namun pada pengamatan hari ke-7 memperlihatkan pembentukan kolagen, derajat epitelisasi serta jumlah pembentukan pembuluh darah baru lebih banyak pada kelompok perlakuan. Pada fibrosis hari ke-3 dan hari ke-7 memperlihatkan terjadinya fibrosis lebih banyak pada kelompok perlakuan dibanding kontrol. Pada pengamatan terjadinya infeksi hari ke-3 memperlihatkan infeksi lebih sedikit pada kelompok perlakuan dan terjadinya infeksi sama pada hari ke-7. Kesimpulan. CFF memberikan tingkat penyembuhan luka yang lebih baik dibanding NaCl.Kata kunci: CFF, NaCl 0,9 %, tingkat penyembuhan luka.Abstract Background: Wound healing methods have been developed, either a product or a stimulant to the body's biological processes in wound compensation. Fibroblasts is one component that plays an important role in the healing process of fibroplasia. Culture filtrat Fibroblast (CFF) is a result of fibroblast culture to be proven effect on the acceleration of wound healing in this study.Methods. This study used an experimental design method post test only control group design and randomized block design (RBD) by using wistar mice. Experimental animals were divided into 4 groups, the two groups of treatment given to the area of excision wound CFF and the control group were given 0.9% NaCl solution to the excision wound area. Data processed with SPSS 16.0. Data were analyzed with categories Chi squared and numerical data by the Independent T-test.Result. From degree of wound healing is not found differences in both groups, but the changes in the network restriction greater in the treatment group. The score formation of collagen, the degree of epithelialization and the amount of neovascularisation formation at 3rd day there was no difference between the two groups. However, the observation of 7th day shows the formation of collagen, the degree of epithelialization and the amount of neovascularisation formation more in the treatment group. On the 3rd day fibrosis and 7th day showed more fibrosis in the treatment group compared to controls. In observation of the 3rd day infection showed fewer infections in the treatment group and the same infection between the two group at 7th day.Conclusion. CFF give wound healing better than NaCl.Keywords:CFF, NaCl 0,9 %, degree of wound healing.

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BACKGROUND: Therapy for osteoarthritis (OA) with satisfactory results has not been found to date. In OA pathogenesis, RELA gene involved in cartilage degradation and MMP-13 in degrade cartilage, as a member family of NF-ĸβ genes, RELA serves to modulate inflammatory responses and activates pro-inflammatory cytokines. AIM: This study aims to identify the influence of Wharton Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC-WJ) on MMP-13 and RELA expression gene in synoviocyte by in vitro. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This research is pure experimental research. The sample used derived from synovial tissue of OA patients who underwent Total Knee Replacement (TKR) surgery. This study was divided into six groups treated with 4 replications. Group I and II (control groups) were synoviocyte of OA incubated for 24 and 48 hours, respectively. Group III and IV were MSC-WJ incubated for 24 and 48 hours, respectively. Group V and VI were Synoviocyte-MSC-WJ co-culture group incubated for 24 and 48 hours, respectively. Identification of MMP-13 and RELA gene expression in each group was performed by using qPCR. RESULT: The results showed that MSC-WJ reduced MMP-13 gene expression after co-culture for 24 and 48 hours in OA synoviocyte. The highest gene expression of MMP-13 was in Group I and II (1.00 ng/μl), followed by Group III (0.41 ng/μl), Group IV (0.24 ng/μl), Group V (0.13 ng/μl), and Group VI (0.04 ng/μl). MSC-WJ administration also decreased RELA gene expression. The highest gene expression of RELA gene was in Group I and II (1.00 ng/μl), Group V (0.67 ng/μl), Group III (0.58 ng/μl), Group IV (0.16 ng/μl), and Group VI (0.16 ng/μl). CONCLUSION: This study concluded that MSC-WJ in OA synoviocyte significantly reduced the expression of MMP-13 and RELA gene (p <0.05).