ABSTRAKGlaukoma adalah penyakit kerusakan saraf optik mata, penyebabnya adalah tingginya tekanan bola mata, diatas 20mmHG. Rata-rata penderita glaukoma adalah glaukoma primer sudut terbuka (POAG) danglaukoma primer sudut tertutup (PACG). Di Rumah Sakit Mata Masyarakat (RSMM) JawaT imur, glaukoma menempati urutan ketiga dalam daftar 10 penyakit terbanyak. Sehingga dilakukan penelitian profil peresepan penyakit mataglaukoma pada pasien BPJS rawat jalan di RSMM Jatim periode Januari- Desember 2015.Penelitian ini bersifat observasional, pengambilan data bersifat retrospektif, penyajian data secara deskriptif. Observasi dengan mengumpulkan resep dokter mata, mencatat usia, golongan obat, nama generik, bentuk sediaan, prosentase obat glaukoma POAG dan glaukoma PACG. Hasil inklusi 2050 resepdan 1461 pasien glaukoma, terdapat 420 pasienglaukoma POAG, 190 pasien glaukoma PACG, dan 851 pasien glaukoma yang lain. Pasien terbanyak usia 61-80 tahun (52,50%), terendah usia ≥81 tahun sebanyak 49 pasien (3,35%). Bentuk sediaan terbanyak, yaitu tetes mata sebanyak 3766 (69,01%). Penggolongan obat terbanyak adalah penyekat β non selektif yaitu Timolol 1783 (32,67%), terendah golongan prostaglandin analog yaitu Travoprost 35 (0,64%). Pada glaukoma POAG, golongan terbanyak adalah golongan penyekat β non selektif yaitu Timolol 203 (29,29%), terendah adalah prostaglandin analog yaitu Latanoprost 83 (11,98%). Pada glaukoma PACG, terbanyak adalah penyekat β yaitu Timolol 81 (29,03%), terendah adalah golongan agonis kolinergik yaitu Pilokarpin 26 (9,32%). Pada penelitian ini disarankan agar dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut tentang efektifitas peresepan penyakit mata glaukoma di RSMM Jatim.Kata kunci : peresepan glaukoma, glaukoma primer sudut terbuka, glaukoma primer sudut tertutup, klasifikasi obat.ABSTRACTGlaucoma is an eye disease that causes damages to the optic nerve, because high intraocular pressure, above 20mmHg.Glaucoma ranks third in the list of ten most diseases in RSMM. It is important to study the prescription profile of BPJS glaucoma patient in outpatient Eye Hospital in East Java Community period from January to December 2015. The inclusion in 2050 of a prescription, there are 1461 glaucoma patients. 420 with open-angle glaucoma(POAG), 120 patients with close-angle glaucoma (PACG), and 851 patients with others glaucoma. Based on the patient’s age, most patients aged 61-80 years (52.50%), lowest age of ≥81 years in 49 patients (3.35%). Based on the modest dosage forms, namely eye drops as much as 3766 (69.01%). Based on theclassification of drugs, most were non-selective β-blockers ie Timolol 1783 (32.67%), the least class of prostaglandin analogues were Travoprost 35 (0.64%). In POAG, the modest group was non-selective β-blockers ie Timolol 203 (29.29%), carbonic anhydrase inhibitors group, ie Acetazolamide 181 (26.12%), prostaglandin analogues group ie Latanoprost 83 (11.98%). In PACG the modest group was β-blockers, ie Timolol 81 (29.03%), carbonic anhydrase inhibitors group ie Acetazolamide 70 (25.09%), cholinergic agonist group ie Pilocarpine 26 (9.32%). In this study’s suggested that further research on the effectiveness of the prescription of eye disease glaucoma in Community Eye Hospital East Java.Keywords: Glaucoma prescription, primary open angle glaucoma, primary angle-closure glaucoma, drug classification
Onion peels (Allium cepa L.) is often disposed of without being used and ends up as waste in markets that can pollute the environment. Onion peels can potentially be developed for treatment as an anti-cancer because of its phytochemical compounds. Previous studies have shown that secondary metabolites found in onion peels using different solvents produce different secondary metabolites. So the purpose of this study was to find out the secondary metabolite compounds from onion peels extract (Allium cepa L.) qualitatively when extracted using 5 different solvents. This research was conducted using a phytochemical screening method on the onion peels extract (Allium cepa L.). n-Hexane, Ethyl Acetate, Acetone, Ethanol 96%, and Chloroform were used in the maceration extraction method separately. The results showed that the yield value was 0.96%; 2.66%; 3.90%; 4.80%; 1.62%. The results showed that acetone, ethanol, and chloroform extracts of onion peels extract (Allium cepa L.) contained alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, terpenoids, and tannins. Meanwhile, the ethyl acetate extract of onion peels contains alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, and tannins. Lastly, the n-hexane extract of the onion peels only contains steroids and terpenoids. So it can be concluded that secondary metabolites in onion peels extract contain alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, terpenoids, and tannins.
ABSTRAKTisu basah merupakan istilah umum untuk menggambarkan sepotong bahan, umumnya ditambahkan dengan komposisi cairan atau semi cair, dimaksudkan untuk membersihkan dan memberikan rasa lembut. Tisu basah memiliki struktur berserat terdiri dari campuran serat selulosa pulp dan regenerasi, seperti rayon dan atau liosel, dengan atau tanpa serat pengikat. Pada proses produksi, komponen-komponen yang sengaja ditambahkan pada pembuatan tisu basah salah satunya adalah formaldehid sebagai penguat keadaan basah. Akan tetapi penggunaan yang berlebihan dapat menyebabkan ruam pada kulit (dermatitis). Pada penelitian ini dilakukan validasi metode analisis formaldehid pada tisu basah dengan menggunakan metode absorpsi uap SNI ISO 14184-2:2015 dengan pereaksi nash menggunakan spektrofotometri UV-Vis. Sampel yang digunakan adalah tisu basah dari satu merek. Validasi metode dilakukan untuk memastikan metode SNI ISO 14184-2:2015 dapat diterapkan, diperoleh hasil valid, dengan nilai R = 0,9993, yang mendekati nilai 1, menghasilkan persamaan regresi linier y = 0,0294x - 0,0317. Pengujian akurasi diperoleh rata-rata persen recovery sebesar 84,54%, 102,05%, dan 106,13%. Nilai RSD sebesar 1,62%. Hasil nilai LOD sebesar 0,040, sedangkan hasil nilai LOQ sebesar 0,136. Hasil validasi terhadap metode SNI ISO 14184 – 2 : 2015 dapat disimpulkan bahwa metode SNI ISO 14184-2:2015 dapat digunakan untuk menguji formaldehid pada tisu basah. Kata kunci: Validasi, Tisu basah, Formaldehid, Pereaksi Nash, Spektrofotometri UV-Vis.ABSTRACT Wet wipes are the general terms to describe a piece of material, generally impregnated with a liquid or semi liquid composition, intended to both cleaning and providing a smooth feeling. Wet wipes has fibrous structures consist of a mixture of pulp and regenerated cellulose fibers, such as rayon and/or lyocell, with or without binding fibers. In product process, one of components expressly added was formaldehyde as strengthener as wet condition. But, excessive use of formaldehyde can cause skin rash (dermatitis). This study was aimed to Analysis Method Validation of Formaldehyde of Wet Wipes used vapour absorption SNI ISO 14184-2:2015 method with Nash Reagents by UV-Vis Spectrophotometry, and used vapour absorption method. The wet wipes sample used was from one brand. Method validation was conducted to definite SNI ISO 14184-2:2015 method can be applied, the result was valid, r value is 0,9993, the linear regression y = 0,0294x – 0,0317, accuracy percent recovery study showed 84,54%, 102,05%, and 106,13%., Related standar deviation showed 1,62%, limit of detection was 0,040, limit of quantitation was 0,136. The validation result of SNI ISO 14184-2:2015 method can be concluded that SNI ISO 14184-2:2015 method can be applied to examine formaldehid on wet wipes.Keywords: Wet wipes, Formaldehyde, Validation, Nash Reagent, UV-Vis Spectrophotometry.
Isolasi zat aktif dari herba menimbulkan pandangan baru bahwa tiap herba memiliki zat aktif (satu atau lebih). Carica papaya L memiliki zat aktif yang berhasil diisolasi, zat – zat tersebut dapat menggantikan pemakaian herba untuk tujuan pengobatan. Escherichia coli merupakan bakteri yang banyak terdapat di usus besar (colon) manusia dan sebagai flora normal colon, sifat Escherichia coli dapat menyebabkan infeksi primer pada usus besar sehingga menyebabkan penyakit diare. Sampel yang digunakan adalah Daun Pepaya tua berwarna hijau tua yang diperoleh dari UPT Materia Medika Batu. Dicuci bersih kemudian dikeringkan, kemudian dihaluskan dengan cara diblender. Proses ekstraksi menggunakan metode maserasi. Pengujian dilakukan dengan menggunakan 5 konsentrasi dan kontrol negatif. Metode pengujian antibakteri yang digunakan adalah difusi kertas cakram. Diameter zona hambat pada tiap konsentrasi dianalisis menggunakan statistik menggunakan uji ANOVA. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian dengan melakukan replikasi sebanyak 6 kali pada konsentrasi 20 µ g/mL dengan rata – rata 7,25 mm, 40 µ g/mL dengan rata – rata 7,43 mm, 60µ g/mL dengan rata – rata 7,7 mm, 80 µ g/mL dengan rata – rata 7,8 dan 100 µ g/mL dengan rata – rata 7,9 mm dengan kategori sedang. Dapat dikatakan terdapat pengaruh aktivitas antibakteri pada Daun Pepaya (Carica papaya L) dengan bakteri Escherichia coli maka, semakin tinggi konsentrasi maka daya hambat yang dihasilkan semakin tinggi.
Background: Mitragyna Speciosa or better known as Kratom is a typical plant from the Putusibau area, West Kalimantan. The most widely used part of this plant is the leaves. The kratom plant contains alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, terpenoids-steroids, triterpenoids, saponins, and tannins. Alkaloid content is the most dominant and has benefits in this plant so it is necessary to do fractionation and identification of secondary metabolites. Objective: To fractionate and identify secondary metabolites from Mitragyna Speciosa leaf extract. Methods: The fractionation method was carried out using Column Chromatography while for identification using Thin Layer Chromatography. Results: 80 fractions were obtained from the column chromatography results, while the results of identification using thin layer chromatography showed that only the 2nd and 3rd fractions were obtained. The second fraction has two spots with Rf values of 0.51 and 0.73 and in the third fraction there are three spots with Rf values of 0.21; 0.52, and 0.74. Conclusion: Fractionation and identification by chromatographic method can be used as initial screening for secondary metabolite content in Mitragyna Speciosa leaf extract.
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