Uber eine stereoselektive und stereospezifische Claisen-Umlagerung kann die exocyclische, Z-konfigurierte Doppelbindung des 19,20-lsogeissoschizins (4a) eingefuhrt werden. Die Konfiguration der Produkte lieD sich durch Korrelation mit Naturstoffen beweisen.
Reactions with Indole Derivatives, XXX")
The Stereoselective and Stereospecific Total Synthesis of Geissoschizine Isornerslb'The exocyclic, Z-configurated double bond of 19,20-isogeissoschizine (4a) can be introduced via a stereoselective and stereospecific Claisen rearrangement. The configuration of the products is proven by correlation to natural products.Im Zuge der Erarbeitung stereoselektiver Techniken zum gezielten Aufbau trisubstituierter exocyclischer Doppelbindungen -eine notwendige Voraussetzung fur eine stereoselektive Totalsynthese des Geissoschizins (5) ' ) -untersuchten wir auch den sterischen Verlauf von Claisen-Umlagerungen an Vinylathern des Typs 3. '' l a ' XXIX. 3172 (1968).
rnAusgehend vom ungesattigten Keton 1 gclingt die stercoselektive Totalsynthese mehrerer hcterocyclischer Indol-und Oxindol-Alkaloidc. Speiiell der stereoselektive Aufbau der C-1 9-Konfiguration sowic der J;influB dieses Zentrum5 auf die Folgereaktionen werden diskutiert. Die Massenspektren dcr verschiedenen stereoisomeren Zwischenprodukte werden gegeniibergestell t .In der VIII. Mittcilung dicscr Rcihcl) berichteten wir uber die Darstellung des ungesaittigten Ketons 1, das durch Michael-Addition mit Malonester stercosclcktiv in dic Kctocstcr dcr Struktur 2 uberfiihrbar ist. Wiihrend das I'rodukt der kinetisch gelenkten Keaktion in die Reihe der DE-cis-verknupftcn Alkaloidc fiihrte'j, Lcichnet sich das Produkt der thermodynamisch kontrollierten Keaktion (2), das auf diesc Weise ctereoselektiv als einzigcs Produkt gcwonnen wird, durch trans-standige diiiquatoriale Restc aus 1). Die cis-Verkniipfung des ChinoliLidin-Systems gcht auch
Constructed treatment wetlands have become an established technology for treatment of municipal and industrial wastewaters around the world. Wetland systems can provide treatment similar to conventional tertiary wastewater facilities if sufficient land is available but with lower energy and maintenance requirements. Ancillary benefits of treatment wetlands include wildlife habitat, passive recreation, and public education. A 165-acre treatment wetland facility was created by draining, grading, and planting an existing facultative oxidation pond at the City of Stockton Regional Wastewater Control Facility (RWCF) in California during a recent treatment plant upgrade project. The treatment wetland facility is designed primarily to reduce total suspended solids concentrations from upstream ponds and provide additional treatment of biochemical oxygen demand and ammonia-nitrogen upstream of new nitrifying biotowers and tertiary treatment facilities. The mid-process placement of the wetland is designed to manage solids loading to the biotowers and eliminate the need for power-intensive dissolved air flotation for algal solid separation.The design and sizing of this system was based upon treatment wetland performance modeling calibrated to geographically and climactically relevant data sets from a similarly-loaded treatment wetland system. Initially challenging site conditions resulted in difficulty with wetland construction and startup, but solutions are presented that provide an instructional case study in treatment wetland design and establishment.
KEYWORDSConstructed treatment wetlands, natural treatment systems, water quality, total suspended solids, ammonia, biochemical oxygen demand, and wastewater treatment.
Na‐boranat‐Reduktion des Ketons (Ia) gibt ein 1:1‐Gemisch der Carbinole (Ib) und (Ic), das durch Addition an den Ester (III) die Stereoisomeren (IIIa) und (IIIb) liefert.
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