Sodium nitrate (NaNO2) widely used as food additive for coloring and preserving meat has been reported to induce oxidative stress and cause histopathologic changes, nitrosative tissue damage, and lipid peroxidation in liver and kidney. Therefore, the present study compared the curative effect of chlorophyll from Sauropus androgynus (L) Merr and Cu-chlorophyllin as antioxidant in NaNO2-induced female Wistar rats based on haematological, serum biochemical, and histological evaluation. Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into six groups of five rats each. NaNO2 were given at a subacute dose of 50 mg/kg bw intraperitoneally for 10 days. Chlorophyll from S. androgynus and Cu-chlorophyllin from K-Liquid™ were given in the following 14 days at the two doses: 0,016 mg/mL and 0.008 mg/mL. NaNO2 exposure resulted in significant reductions (p < 0.05) in values of packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin (Hb) concentration and red blood cell (RBC) count, transferrin, and ferritin and elevation in malondialdehyde (MDA) level and schistocytes percentage with insignificant reductions in serum albumin and transferrin levels. Histology of kidney and liver were changed insignificantly (p > 0.05) to normal values. Chlorophyll from S. androgynus and Cu-chlorophyllin possess antioxidant potentials to protect against toxicities induced by sodium nitrate.

Background: Beneficial effect of katuk (Sauropus androgynus L Merr) leaves (CSA) as one of medicinal plant in Indonesian jamu may potential to cure diabetes mellitus (DM) and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) as well as its well-known effect to increase breast milk production. Objectives: This study was aiming to explore the hypoglycemic effects of CSA in streptozotocininduced DM rats (STZ) and antianemia effects in IDA rats (FeD). Material and Methods: STZ male Wistar rats were treated with CSA, commercial chlorophyll (Chln) and glibencamide. Blood glucose levels and histological changes of liver, kidney and pancreas were analyzed after 14 days treatment. At separate experiment, FeD female Wistar rats were treated with CSA and Chln. The treatment was performed orally at the 1 st -20 th day of pregnancy. Levels of Hb, Fe and ferritin blood serum, number and body weight of the offspring were analyzed on 21 st day (post-partum). Results: Treatment of CSA for 14 days to diabetic animals demonstrated the hypoglycemic effect, however the histological analysis suggested that the scores of liver, kidney and pancreas were higher than that in the normal group. Moreover, CSA exerted a significant restorative effect by returning the levels of hemoglobin, serum iron, and serum ferritin. A fetus analysis suggested that the fetus body weight of in the CSA and Chln groups was similar to that in the normal group. Conclusion: CSA treatment are potential as a new herbal supplement to cure DM and IDA. However, the safety dose should be considered to prevent the toxicity.

Objectives Noncommunicable disease (NCD) including obesity, cancer, and diabetes has become particular concern worldwide due to its morbidity and mortality which keep increasing annually. Adiponectin and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) are known to be substances that are involved in the development of NCD. Several diet regimens have been developed to treat NCD, one of which is the ketogenic diet (KD). This study aimed to analyze the long-term KD effect on serum adiponectin and IGF-1 levels in mice. Methods This study was a real experimental with post-test only controls group design. The subjects were 14 male mice (2–3 months, 20–30 g) were randomly divided into two groups, K1 (n=7, standard diet) and K2 (n=7, KD with a composition of 60% fat, 30% protein, and 10% fiber). All subjects were given diet intervention for 8 weeks ad libitum. Serum adiponectin and IGF levels were measured in post-intervention using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. Distribution of normality was analyzed by the Shapiro–Wilk Test, mean difference using Independent T-Test, and linear correlation using Pearson’s Correlation Test. Data analysis was performed using Statistic Package for Social Science Version 16. Results Serum adiponectin levels in K1 (0.080 ± 0.012) pg/mL and K2 (0.099 ± 0.005) pg/mL, with p=0.003. Serum IGF-1 levels in K1 (133.535 ± 25.702) ng/mL and K2 (109.987 ± 27.118) ng/mL, with p=0.121. Coefficient correlation between serum adiponectin and serum IGF-1 levels [r]=−0.401, with p=0.155. Conclusions Long-term KD increases serum adiponectin levels and has no effect on serum IGF-1 levels. There was no significant correlation between serum adiponectin and serum IGF-1 levels.

Latar belakang : Metode Wim Hoff merupakan kombinasi dari paparan dingin, tekhnik pernafasan, dan meditasi. Kombinasi antara terapi konvensional medis dengan terapi non farmakologis seperti pada Metode Wim Hoff yang berusaha mengkombinasikan antara yoga dengan pengaturan nafas sehingga memberi kesempatan pada peningkatan volume/kapasitas tidal paru menjadi stabil. Ada banyak variasi dari metode Wim Hoff meliputi mengontrol pernafasan,  menahan nafas, dan memulai pernafasan, ketiga fase tersebut dapat diulang dalam kurun waktu tiga kali secara berturut – turut atau lebih. Dengan dilakukan terus menerus sangat membantu peningkatkan sel darah merah, meningkatkan kapasitas tidal paru, meningkatkan sirkulasi, dan dapat dibuktikan secara klinis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Metode Wim Hoff terhadap pola nafas, denyut jantung, dan SpO2 pasien Covid – 19 yang dirawat di Rumah Sakit Islam Sultan Agung Semarang. Metode : Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah quasi experiment dengan desain pre dan post test tanpa kelompok kontrol. Sampel pada penelitian ini dipilih secara consecutive, dan terdiri dari 25 responden dengan rincian 9 laki – laki dan 16 perempuan. Ditemukan hasil  bermakna antara intervensi sebelum dan sesudah terhadap pola nafas, dan SpO2, selanjutnya data diolah menggunakan uji paired T test dampak komparatif Wim Hoff dengan perbandingan respirasi, denyut jantung, SpO2 dan uji Wilcoxon signed rank test pada kelompok perlakuan didapatkan P = 0,0014 < ? = 0,05, sehingga H0 ditolak. Pada kelompok kontrol didapatkan P = 1,000 > ? = 0,05 sehingga H0 diterima, artinya bahwa ada pengaruh terhadap kemandirian responden kelompok perlakuan. Hasil : Hasil uji statistik adalah  p value 0,000 pada pola nafas dan SpO2, akan tetapi terhadap denyut jantung didapatkan p value 0,447. Simpulan : Metode Wim Hoff mampu menstabilkan pola nafas dan SpO2, akan tetapi tidak untuk denyut jantung. Kata kunci : Wim Hoff, Pola nafas, SpO2,  Denyut jantung   Background : Wim Hof Method (WHM) is combination of frequent cold exposure, breathing techniques and meditation. The combination of conventional medical therapy with non-pharmacological therapies such as the Wim Hoff Method which seeks to combine yoga with breath control so as to provide an opportunity for the increase in lung tidal volume / capacity to become stable.There are many types of breathing method including Controlled breathing, Breath retention, and Recovery. these three phases may be repeated for three or more consecutive rounds. By being done continuously it really helps increase red blood cells, increase lung tidal capacity, improve circulation, and can be proven clinically. This research aimed to explore the effect of Wim Hoff Method on respiration rate, heart rate, and SpO2 among Covid – 19 patients at Islamic Sultan Agung Hospital Semarang. Methods : Quasi experiment used in this study was pre and post test design without control group. Sampel were recruited using consecutive sampling. The samples of this study consists of 25 Covid – 19 patients including 9 male and 16 female. The study found significant result between pre and post test intervention for respiration rate and  SpO2. A meaningful result between the before and after intervention of the breath pattern, and the SpO2, subsequently the data was processed using a test paired T comparative impact of Wim Hoff with a ratio of respiration, heart rate, SpO2 and a test of Wilcoxon signed rank test on the treatment group obtained P = 0.0014 < ? = 0.05, so that H0 rejected. In the control group acquired P = 1.000 > ? = 0.05 so that H0 was accepted, meaning that there was an influence on the self-reliance of the group treatment. Result : The statistical test result was p value 0,000 for respiration rate and SpO2  but for the heart rate p value 0,447. Conclusion : Wim Hoff Method was effective on stabilizing respiration rate and increasing SpO2  but not for heart rate. Keyword : Wim Hoff Method, Respiration rate, SpO2, Heart rate.

This study aims to analyze whether the high-fat diet decreases serum TNF-α and breast tumor area on benzopyrene induced mice (Mus musculus). This study was a true experimental with the randomized posttest-only control group design using 36 female mice (Mus musculus), 3-4 months age, 25 ± 5 grams. Mice were induced with benzopyrene (BZP) subcutaneously with a dose of 0.3mg/20gBB/day for 14 days in the right breast area, then randomly divided into 6 groups, K1 (negative control group, given standard feed), K2 (positive control group, standard feed), K3 (high-fat diet with a ratio of 60% protein, 0% carbohydrate, 30% fat, 10% fiber), K4 (high-fat diet with a ratio of 45% protein, 0% carbohydrate, 45% fat, 10% fiber), K5 (high-fat diet with a ratio of 30% protein, 0% carbohydrate, 60% fat, 10% fiber) and K6 (high-fat diet on day 15 with a ratio of 15% protein, 0% carbohydrate, 75% fat, 10% fiber). The high-fat diet was administered for 28 days. The mean of tumor area delta at K1 (0.00 ± 0.00) mm2, K2 (3.52 ± 1.98) mm2, K3 (27.18 ± 21.23) mm2, K4 (13.19 ± 9.93) mm2, K5 (8.80 ± 1.72) mm2, K6 (10.81 ± 6.55) mm2, and (p=0.001). The mean of TNF-α levels at K1 (56.32 ± 8.25) ng/mL, K2 (65.99 ± 2.82) ng/mL, K3 (70.43 ± 4.61) ng/mL, K4 (58.05 ± 5.80) ng/mL, K5 (54.91 ± 3.27) ng/mL, K6 (59.67 ± 3.63) ng/mL and (P = 0.000). A high-fat diet lowers TNF-α levels and reduces the area of BZP-induced breast tumors. The lowest TNF-α levels and the lowest breast tumor area were found in groups with a fat: protein ratio = 60:30. Keywords: Benzopyrene induced, Breast tumor area, High-fat diet, Tumor necrosis factor-α