A simple and efficient method for multiplication of vanilla (Vanilla planifolia) was developed using in vitro fragmented explants (IFEs) as propagules. IFEs were obtained after dissecting apices from in vitro propagated clusters of plantlets, by cutting the remaining base of these plant clusters into segments of about 1 cm in length. After 4 months of culture on multiplication medium, 100% of IFEs produced up to 15 new shoots per explant, providing an efficient additional method for in vitro propagation of vanilla that maximizes the use of available material. Cryopreservation of apices from in vitro grown plants was achieved using the droplet vitrification protocol. Maximum survival (30%) and further regeneration (10%) of new shoots were obtained for apices derived from clusters of in vitro plantlets produced from microcuttings through a three-step droplet vitrification protocol: 1-d preculture of apices on solid MS medium with 0.3 M sucrose; loading with a 0.4 M sucrose + 2 M glycerol solution for 20-30 min; and exposure to plant vitrification solution PVS3 for 30 min at room temperature. Even though the cryogenic protocol needs to be optimized to improve results, this work represents the first successful report of cryopreservation of vanilla apices.
Al ser el principal órgano de captación de la luz en el proceso de la fotosíntesis, las hojas de café (Coffea arabica) tienen un rol importante en el desarrollo del cultivo, y a través de su análisis químico es posible conocer el funcionamiento de la planta. A la fecha se conoce poco acerca de la composición química de las hojas de café, y no se sabe si son aptas para la extracción de cafeína y ácidos clorogénicos con fines de uso nutracéutico. Enel presente estudio se analizó la concentración de cafeína, ácido clorogénico (5-CQA), macro y micronutrimentos, azúcares reductores, clorofila y área foliar en hojas de Coffea arabica var. Caturra Rojo con la finalidad de obtener un perfil detallado de las variaciones nutrimentales y anabolitos en diferentes etapas del ciclo anual del cultivo, tales como etapa vegetativa, floración y fructificación. En la floración se presentó la mayor área foliar, contenido de cafeína, ácido clorogénico, galactosa, fósforo, potasio, magnesio, nitrógeno, zinc y boro, mientras que en la fructificación sobresalió el contenido de arabinosa y xilosa. Las hojas de café, durante la floración, tienen mayor potencial para utilizarse con fines nutracéuticos.
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