A lack of nurses in the Czech Republic is an issue that has been under discussion for several years. The aim of this paper is to analyze the lack and need of general nurses and midwives in the Hradec Kralove region where the shortage is higher than the national average. The used methods are quantitative research and structured interviews, to determine the number of nurses in healthcare institutions. The study uses data obtained from publicly available sources, i.e., Czech Statistical Office (CSO) and the National Institute of Education (NIE). The shortage of nurses in the Hradec Kralove region can be expected by 2030 to be in the range between 647.6 and 667.1 nurses while maintaining the existing conditions, that is, five times more than at present. In addition to the commonly considered measures that appear in the country’s strategies—such as improving the quality of conditions during studies and during employment, specifying or adjusting the role and competency of nurses and midwives in the healthcare system, or unifying employment standards— a focus on promoting the nursing profession can be recommended. Schools and ministries should be encouraged to focus on and invest in the promotion of this profession, so as to play a key role in recruiting new students for the nursing field of study at a time when the nursing profession is perceived positively, as an embodiment of solidarity and selflessness.
Although the COVID-19 pandemic is far from over, there is no doubt that education researchers will analyze the changes in teaching and learning over the years to come. There is no certainty that new waves and variants of COVID-19 will not force humanity to radically change educational technologies in the future. This will bring mankind closer to the predictions of science-fiction authors and futurists, not taken seriously before. In this regard, it is important to scientifically document and analyze various measures for transforming education in the current situation, thus, creating the database for future generations. Analysis reveals that geographically adjacent countries with numerous current or historical interrelations, show the uniqueness of their response to the pandemic because of a number of current economic, social, cultural and geographical factors. Quite promising in this regard are the post-socialist countries of Central and Eastern Europe, which in the second half of the 20th century had almost identical principles for developing national education systems, but changed significantly under the influence of the reforms of the last thirty years. Comparing the cases of five universities from Russia, Germany, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic and the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic enable us, not only to identify common problems, but also to describe the most effective measures for the reorganization of higher education during the COVID-19 pandemic, dictated by the need to sustain the quality of teacher training.
Cílem článku je představit vnímání jinakosti dětmi na 1. stupni základní školy na základě využití podnětů z práce s příběhem v hodině českého jazyka. Příspěvek lze také vnímat jako podklad pro výukovou praxi a jako příklad toho, jak pracovat s tématy jinakosti a odlišnosti na 1. stupni základní školy. Text obsahuje výsledky výzkumného šetření realizovaného ve 12 třídách 1. stupně základních škol (3.–5. třídy). Jde o analýzu videozáznamů 12 vyučovacích hodin, verbálních projevů žáků, jejich transkriptů, a to v průběhu celé vyučovací jednotky, v níž děti pod vedením učitelky pracují s uceleným didaktickým materiálem. Dětem jsou kladeny otázky týkající se jejich nazírání na odlišnost, a to v kontextu obsahu příběhu. Text podstatou svého příběhu dává prostor pro vyjádření pocitů spojených s odlišností, vytváří podněty pro argumentaci postojů orientovaných k chování se v situaci nepřijetí okolím. Výzkumné šetření se zaměřuje na tyto otázky: jak žáci 1. stupně vnímají odlišnost, jakou mají subjektivní zkušenost s odlišností, jaké jsou jejich návrhy řešení situace v případě nepřijetí okolím, jaký je jejich pohled na druhé nepřijímající odlišnost. Vzhledem k tomu, že jde při práci s konkrétním textem i o čtení s předvídáním, je dalším analyzovaným tématem navrhované dokončení příběhu. Z výsledků výzkumného šetření vyplynulo, že žáci na 1. stupni přijímají odlišnost bez větších problémů, spíše se hůře vyrovnávají s nespravedlností. V situacích, kdy se sami setkávají s nepřijetím, výzkum naznačuje, že i přes prožívané obtíže v kolektivu žáci preferují setrvání v prostředí, které znají.
In the context of the Covid‑19 pandemic, teacher education at universities has faced great problems concerning the teaching-learning practice. Educational processes have become possible only with the help of digital technologies. The development of digital technologies and the new level of accessibility to educational resources have opened up new ways for teaching and learning and the creation of new didactic scenarios. The reopening of educational institutions after the Covid‑19 is followed by many tasks that challenge the main actors in the teaching-learning process in a new way. The authors reflect on whether it makes sense for teachers and future teachers to continue learning how to work with digital technologies and create new learning formats for their students. In order to develop teacher education at universities and serious attention to digital didactics, not only the challenges but also the pedagogical senses of the Covid‑19 pandemic need to be identified. The unconscious and «detached» perception of current digital transformations in educational policy, higher teacher education and school education hinders the development of teacher education at the university and decreases the role of the teacher in society. A comparative analysis of cases of teacher education from five Eastern European universities is used to address these goals. The analysis aims to examine the hypotheses stated with inductive reasoning
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