The soil Zn critical level generally decreases as organic matter content increases. Certain other properties, notably cation exchange capacity (CEC) and optimum soil pH, also vary with organic content. These properties and Mehlich 3 extractable Zn (M3Zn) were used to calibrate a Zn soil test from greenhouse and field data. Soils were collected from four lime treatments in field experiments conducted on six Ultisols. An Inceptisol and a Histosol were also sampled and four lime treatments established, providing a range in pH and organic matter content. Three levels of Zn as ZnSO4 · 7H2O were added to each soil. Soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merr., cv. Centennial] and corn (Zea mays L., cv. Pioneer 3369A) were grown successively in the greenhouse, each for 5 weeks. Mehlich 3 extractable Zn decreased with an increase in soil pH on only one of the eight soils, but Zn concentration in plants grown on all soils decreased with an increase in soil pH. Mehlich 3 extractable Zn alone accounted for little of the variation in the plant Zn concentration of the two crops. Including soil pH and CEC in the model increased the R2 to 0.56 and 0.50 for soybeans and corn, respectively. When the squared and first‐order interaction terms of these variables were considered, the R2 increased to 0.76 for soybeans and 0.66 for corn. For corn grown in the field, these same variables were found to be important in Zn soil test calibration. The form of the regression equation proved to be illogical, however, because the range in soil properties was not sufficient to produce a reliable prediction equation. Regression equations from the greenhouse were then adjusted to predict the leaf Zn concentrations of crops grown in the field. For corn, an equation that gave reasonable estimates of leaf Zn concentration in the field was developed. This equation may be used to interpret the need for Zn fertilization over a continuum of extractable Zn concentration, pH, and CEC in soils.

This study aimed to describe the morphological characters and morphometric measurements of worker level from the genus and species of stingless bee colonies in coastal areas. Observation of morphological characters and morphometric measurements used a microscope (stereo model Nikon C-LEEDS equipped with obtilab viewers software camera and image raster). The stingless bee species found in coastal areas belonged to the genus Tetragonula which consisted of Tetragonula sapiens and T. clypearis. T. sapiens was found in two locations, namely the coast of Airlow Hamlet and Negeri Rutong. T. clypearis was found in four locations, i.e., on the coast of Dusun Airlow, Negeri Rutong, Negeri Hukurila and Dusun Seri. Morphological identification was done by identifying ten morphological characters, and morphometric identification was done by measuring fourteen body parts. The results of this study indicated that the morphological and morphometric characters of T. sapiens workers were dominantly black in color with a body size of 3.74-4.25 mm. The first through the sixth abdomen tergites were black. The morphological and morphometric characters T. clypearis had a brownish black body color with a body size of 2.81-3.38 mm, a black thorax covered by six longitudinal hair bands and each separated by five conspicuous glabrous, the first and second abdomen tergites were brownish whereas the third through the sixth were black. Keywords: Ambon Island, morphology, morphometric, stingless bees.   ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan karakter morfologi dan pengukuran morfometrik strata pekerja dari genus dan spesies lebah tak bersengat koloni daerah pesisir. Pengamatan karakter morfologi dan pengukuran morfometrik menggunakan mikroskop (stereo model Nikon C-LEEDS yang dilengkapi kamera software obtilab viewers dan image raster). Spesies lebah tak bersengat yang ditemukan di daerah pesisir pantai tergolong dalam genus Tetragonula yang terdiri dari Tetragonula sapiens dan T. clypearis. T. sapiens ditemukan di dua lokasi yaitu pesisir pantai Dusun Airlow dan Negeri Rutong. T. clypearis ditemukan di empat lokasi, yaitu di pesisir pantai Dusun Airlow, Negeri Rutong, Negeri Hukurila dan Dusun Seri. Identifikasi morfologi dilakukan dengan mengidentifikasi sepuluh karakter morfologi dan identifikasi morfometrik dilakukan dengan cara mengukur empat belas bagian tubuh. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan karakter morfologi dan morfometrik tubuh pekerja T. sapiens dominan berwarna hitam dengan ukuran tubuh 3.74-4.25 mm. Abdomen dan tergite satu sampai enam berwarna hitam. Karakter morfologi dan morfometrik T. clypearis memiliki warna tubuh hitam kecoklatan dengan ukuran tubuh 2.81-3.38 mm, thorax berwarna hitam yang ditutupi oleh enam hair bands longitudinal dan masing-masing dipisahkan oleh lima glabrous yang mencolok, abdomen dan tergite pertama sampai kedua berwarna kecoklatan sedangkan tergite ketiga sampai enam berwarna hitam. Kata kunci: Lebah tak bersengat, morfologi, morfometrik, Pulau Ambon.

The optical fiber sensing system is free from the effects of electromagnetic wave interference and radio frequency interference. The temperature difference between the incoming light source at one end of the fiber optic cable and the temperature of the sensor will cause a difference in wavelength between the incoming light source and the light reflected by a sensor or passed by a sensor. The difference in wavelength will be converted into RGB value, then the RGB value will be converted into a temperature. It becomes a strong reason why this research takes the topic of temperature sensor design using fiber optics. The method to design fiber optic sensors used in this research is experiment, such as: - heating the ends of the fiber optic core with analytic splicers so it will obtain spherical and oval shape of the optical fiber end, -peeling the jacket between two ends of the fiber optics and coating optical fiber with plates. The calibration and validation method is using RMSE (Root Mean Square Error) of the temperature which measured by Infrared thermometer and optical fiber sensor designed in this research. The test results for temperature measurements between 303oK to 543oK by using optical fiber sensor designed by researcher show that the reflected light model has error 1,596683 and forwarded light model has error 1,029278.

Polen digunakan oleh lebah sebagai sumber protein untuk menunjang kehidupan dan meningkatkan produksivitas lebah. Ukuran dan Jenis polen yang di bawa oleh lebah sangatlah beragam. Tanaman yang berasal dari dataran tinggi kemungkinan akan menghasilkan diameter polen yang berbeda dengan dataran rendah. Perlu dilakukan pengukuran diameter polen pakan lebah madu dari jenis tanaman yang berbeda untuk mengetahui sumber pakan yang disukai lebah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ketinggian terhadap diameter polen dari berbagai jenis tanaman yang dibawa oleh lebah madu untuk meningkatkan produksi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah eksperimental lapang. Rancangan penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) model linier dengan 3 perlakuan ketinggian, yaitu ketinggian 0-100 mdpl (P1), ketinggian 400-499 mdpl (P2) dan ketinggian 800-899 mdpl (P3).Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketinggian tempat berpengaruh sangat nyata (P<0,05) terhadap diameter polen lebah madu Apis cerana. Rataan diameter polen terbesar terletak pada P2 yaitu 42.159 c ± 4.692 µm untuk lebar polen (Equatorial) dan 49,033 c ± 4,983 µm untuk panjang polen (Polar). Kemudian rataan diameter kedua pada ketinggian P3 yaitu 36.914 b ± 4.315 µm untuk panjang polen (Polar) dan 40,324 b ± 4,756 µm untuk lebar polen (Equatorial). Selain itu, Rataan diameter polen terkecil teretak pada P1 dengan lebar polen (equatorial) sebesar 21.149 a ± 1.453 µm dan panjang polen (polen) sebesar 27,046 a ± 2,641 µm. Untuk memenuhi kebutuhan polen, lebah Apis cerana tidak bergantung pada ukuran diameter tertentu secara spesifik. Polen terbesar yang dapat ditelan lebah adalah polen dengan diameter equatorial polen antara 8,52 µm sampai 93,68 µm Kata kunci: Apis cerana, polen, diameter, ketinggian How to cite :

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis besar persentase kemunculan ranah kognitif pada soal latihan  berdasarkan   taksonomi   Bloom  Revisi  yang  terdapat  pada  buku pelajaran Fisika kelas X karya Ni Ketut Lasmi khususnya pada materi Vektor, Gerak Lurus dan Gerak Parabola dengan total soal sebanyak 172 butir soal. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif dengan instrumen penelitian yang digunakan berupa lembar klasifikasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persentase kemunculan soal yang mengembangkan keterampilan berpikir tingkat rendah (lower order thinking skills) terbilang besar yaitu C1-konseptual 2,9%, C2-konseptual 5,2%, C3-konseptual 0,6%, dan C3-prosedural 66,9%, sedangkan pada  kategori soal yang mengembangkan keterampilan berpikir tingkat tinggi (higher order thinking skills) persentase tertinggi terdapat pada kategori soal C4-prosedural sebesar 23,8% dan untuk C4-konseptual hanya 0,6%. Selain tingkatan soal di atas, maka persentase kemunculan tingkat soal lainnya sebesar 0%. Sehingga, persentase kemunculan soal yang mengembangkan keterampilan tingkat tinggi masih rendah dan masih perlu ditingkatkan.