Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder of multiple etiology, characterized by chronic hyperglycemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both (1). The cost of diabetes care is high and escalating worldwide. The number of people with diabetes is increasing in every country. Half of the people with diabetes are not aware that they have it, and four out of five people with diabetes live in low-and middleincome countries. Half of the people who die from diabetes are aged less than 60 years (2,3).According to the World Health Organization, the prevalence of diabetes in adults has increased worldwide, and the number is expected to rise from 135 million in 1995 to 300 million by the year 2025 (4). According to Rao et al., 32 million patients had diabetes in India in 2005, which might increase to 80 million by the year 2030 (5). According to Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, this disorder is the most prevalent in South Asia, especially in India, which has earned the unwelcome title of the "Diabetes Capital" of the world with 41 million individuals with diabetes (6). The number of people living with diabetes in India currently is around 69.2 million (7).This disorder is frequently associated with long-term complications such as atherosclerosis, ischemic heart disease, chronic renal failure, and ketoacidosis. It is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality owing to its complications. Due ABSTRACT Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a major health concern in the 21st century, which is largely preventable but remains responsible for millions of deaths annually and many life-threatening complications. The present study was conducted to evaluate and compare the efficacy of Withania coagulans Dunal and Eugenia jambolana Lam with that of standard control metformin in managing type 2 diabetes mellitus.This was a randomized open study with standard control. A total of 60 diagnosed cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus were randomly allocated in the test (n = 30) and control groups (n = 30). Test drug, a combination of E. jambolana (6 g in powder form) and oral infusion of W. coagulans (10 pieces), and control drug metformin (500 mg) were administered to the participants twice daily for 90 days. The subjective parameters were assessed at every follow-up, blood sugar was recorded at a monthly interval, while hemoglobin A1c, RFT, and lipid profile were recorded at baseline and at the termination of the trial. The study outcome was analyzed using appropriate statistical tests. The test drug showed significant improvement at par to the control drug in subjective (polydipsia, polyphagia, fatigue, and weight loss) and objective (blood sugar, glycated hemoglobin, RFT, serum cholesterol, and serum triglyceride) parameters without any side effects or toxicity. The study inferred that the drug was safe and effective in managing type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Objective:The objective of the present study is to assess correlation with the Mizaj of the patients afflicting with grade 1 essential hypertension. Background: Essential hypertension is one of the leading causes of the global burden of disease. The World Health Organization rates it as one of the most important causes of premature death worldwide and accounting for 10.4 million deaths per year. In classical Unani literature there is not description of any disease with the caption hypertension. However, ancient Unani scholars Razi, Majoosi and Ibn-e-Sina have described many clinical manifestations under the heading of imtila which simulates to the clinical features of hypertension and represents it very well. Material and Methods: A single blind randomized comparative clinical trial (between test and control group) was conducted on 60 diagnosed patients of grade 1 essential hypertension aged between 35-65 years in the department of Moalejat AKTC, AMU Aligarh. The patients were selected on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Mizaj of the patients was determined using a proforma designed to assess the Mizaj. Results and Observations: Out of 60 cases, 31 (51.67 %) cases, (50% in test group and 53.33% in control group) were found to have Damvi Mizaj (Sanguineous temperament). Conclusion:It can be concluded that the incidence of grade 1 essential hypertension is higher in patients having sanguineous temperament.

Dengue fever (Humma Danaj) is a global health problem which is the most rapidly spreading mosquito borne viral disease. In the last 50 years, incidence is increasing with geographical expansion to new countries and in the present decade, from urban to rural areas. It is an estimated that 50 million dengue infections occur annually and approximately 2.5 billion people live in dengue endemic countries. There is no specific treatment for dengue fever (Humma Danaj) in any system of medicine, besides, the dengue vaccine has a long way to go, but we can treat the symptoms of dengue fever and apply the measures to enhance the platelets count. For this purpose several measures are used to treat the symptoms of dengue fever and enhance the platelets count, in both modern and Unani system of medicine. Thus, in this article it has been discussed all the measures in Unani and modern perspective.

The seeds/husk of Plantago ovata Forsk. from family Plantaginaceae commonly known as Aspaghol Musallam or Suboos-e-Aspaghol are used in Greeco-Arab medicine, other traditional medicine and even modern advanced medicine as herbal drugs. The seeds/husk of Plantago ovata contain hemicelluloses, carbohydrates, protein, tannin, glycosides, fixed oil, linoleic acid, palmetic acids etc. Therapeutic uses of seeds/husk of Asapghol are mentioned in Greeco-Arab medicine are Qabz (Constipation), Warm-e-Balghami, Zaheer (Dysentry), Aanton ki kharash (Intestinal ulcers), Qurooh-e-Meda wa Isna Ashari, (Peptic ulcers), Diabetes Mellitus, Hyperlipidemia etc. This article reviews the main reports of the therapeutic uses of Aspaghol and its constituents based on the available literature.

Background: Riyazat (exercise) is a planned, structured and repetitive bodily movement that is done to improve or maintain physical fitness and overall health. It plays an important role not only in maintaining good health but also in preventing and curing certain ailments as well. Lifestyle diseases are ailments that are primarily based on the day to day habits of people. Lack of exercise and habits that detract people from the activity and push them towards a sedentary routine, these are the major causes which serve as an important factor in the rising prevalence of lifestyle diseases. Some of the emerging lifestyle diseases are obesity, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, joint diseases and psychological disorders. Mortality and morbidity rates have also increased with increasing levels of these diseases. Frequent and consistent exercise helps in the prevention of these diseases. It helps in maintaining or losing weight, improves metabolic function and mental health by reducing stress. Many ancient Unani physicians like Hippocrates, Galen, Razi and Avicenna have discussed the beneficial effects of riyazat in their treatise. Conclusion:  It is used as a regimental therapy that acts by inhibiting agglomeration of morbid material in the body and helps in revocation of waste products through natural routes, thus reducing risks for the development of various diseases. So there is an indispensable need to procure exercise regularly to forestall lifestyle diseases for the betterment of life. Keywords: Riyazat, metabolic, ancient, regimental, morbid