BACKGROUND Oral Submucous Fibrosis (OSMF) has a multifactorial origin and the risk factors vary across different parts of the world. Betel nut (areca nut) chewing is the leading cause of OSMF in parts of South East Asia as well as Indian subcontinent. Certain fungal species have been identified in the occurrence of various premalignant lesions including OSMF. Candida in mouth along with the epithelial changes like atrophy, dysplasia, and hypertrophy may predispose individuals to premalignancy. This study was carried out to evaluate the prevalence of microbial flora in saliva of patients of OSMF. METHODS The study included a total of 48 subjects, with 24 clinically diagnosed OSMF patients and a control group of 24 healthy age sex matched patients. Demographic data and salivary samples were collected from both the groups. Swabs taken were subjected for Gram staining and Sabouraud's Dextrose Agar. The positively cultured Candida samples were further analysed by using germ tube test for determining different Candida species. RESULTS In total, 58.3% of the OSMF patients and 29.2% of the control patients yielded candida organisms on culture. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (x 2 =4.148, p=0.042). Final results of the study indicate that presence of Candida is significantly higher in OSMF patients than healthy subjects. Thus, results of the present study confirm the phenomenon of high prevalence of oral colonization by yeast in OSMF patients than healthy subjects. CONCLUSIONS In OSMF, there is an altered microbiome which may be used as an indicator for malignant transformation of OSMF. The present study shows higher incidence and intensity of candida in OSMF patients when compared to healthy individuals. Hence, it is mandatory to maintain proper oral hygiene status in OSMF patients to prevent further complications of candidiasis.

Pemphigus Vulgaris is an autoimmune disease that causes severe blistering of the skin and mucous membrane which are fragile and breaks away leaving erosions that are extremely painful. Here we report a case of a patient suffering from pemphigus vulgaris with typical oral manifestations. We have reported the effect of treatment after two consecutive recalls at an interval of 1 week where the patient got 100% relief from her previous signs and symptoms.

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Oral cancer is the 12th most commonly occurring cancer in females and the 6th in males. Oral sub mucous fibrosis (OSMF) considered as one of the high-risk precancerous conditions, linked with areca nut chewing. The aim of present bibliometric analysis was to put forward a summary of countries, universities, authors, journals, and research data related to use of turmeric as a therapeutic consideration in potentially malignant disorders (PMDs) and oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF). Methodology: Studies related to use of turmeric as a therapeutic consideration in PMDs and OSMF published in PubMed indexed journals from 2011 to 2021 were extracted from the Science Citation Index expanded core database. Data and research publications of numerous authors, journals, universities, and countries were retrieved and quantitatively analyzed applying the R-Studio biblioshiny package. The core data set comprised of overall 334 journals, as well as books. 724 documents were recognized. Top 20 PubMed indexed journals were selected which publish the data regarding medicinal properties of turmeric. 20 universities were also analyzed regarding treatment of turmeric. Average years from publication are 4.8 years. Results: A total of 724 documents were extracted. These documents were derived from 2011-2021. The number of documents/publication researches steadily increased from 2011 till 2018. Conclusion: This research includes data of 10 years, therefore, this bibliometric research of contribution of turmeric in oral submucous fibrosis and potential malignant disorders will provide complete knowledge during these years. This will provide an insight for new research projects across the globe.