Objective: To determine the effects of cognition improvement strategies on academic performance, stress and sleep quality of medical students. Method: The cross-sectional study was conducted att he Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, from March 2019 to March 2020, and comprised medical students regardless of gender and academic year. Academic performance was assessed through grade point average, while stress and sleep were assessed using the Perceived Stress Scale and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Data was analysed using SPSS 25. Result: Of the 770 subjects, 748(97%) formed the final sample with mean age 20.32±1.49 years; 619(82.7%) females and 129(17.2%) males. Overall, there were 655(87.6%) consumers of cognitive enhancers and 93(12.4%) non-cunsumers. The mean Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score of consumers was 6.05±3.306, while that of non-consumers was 5.80±3.701. The respective mean Perceived Stress Scale scores were 21.18±6.09 and 20.5±6.8. There was no significant association of consumption of cognitive enhancers with academic performance and stress levels (p>0.05), but it was significant with sleep quality (p<0.05). Conclusion: Majority of the students were found to be consuming cognitive enhancers, but no significant association of the stimulants was found with either academic performance or stress.

Pelaksanaan eksekusi barang bukti yang dirampas untuk Negara sudah diatur dalam Surat Edaran Jaksa Agung RI No : SE-03/B/B.5/8/1988 tentang penyelesaian barang rampasan. Namun kenyataannya dalam praktik dapat dilihat dalam putusan Pengadilan Negeri No. 06/Pid.Sus/2016/PN-MDN proses eksekusi barang bukti yang dirampas untuk Negara banyak menemui hambatan atau kendala, sehingga pelaksanaan proses eksekusi barang bukti yang dirampas untuk Negara tidak bisa segera dilaksanakan atau memakan waktu yang lama. Oleh karena itu, tujuan penelitian ini akan membahas tentang kendala dan upaya  apa yang dilakukan kejaksaan tinggi sumatera utara dalam mengatasi kendala atau hambatan dalam pelaksanaan eksekusi barang bukti yang dirampas untuk negara. Berdasarkan penelitian ditemukan bahwa terdapat dua kendala yaitu kendala yuridis dan non yuridis, namun berpedoman pada Surat Edaran Jaksa Agung Muda Pembinaan Nomor B-87/C/U.1/02/2017 kejaksaan tetap mengotimalkan sesuai dengan Pasal 45 KUHAP.

TPPU (Money Laundering Criminal Act) is regulated in Law 8/2010 on Prevention and Eradication of TPPU. The research was focused on TPPU which corruption as its principle criminal act, Its Law enforcement by using reversal of the burden of proof. The research used juridical normative and descriptive analytic method. The data were gathered by conducting library research and analyzed qualitatively, and the conclusion was drawn deductively, from general to specific. The purposes of this research is to know about the regulation on reversal of the burden of proof in Law on TPPU and the implementation of reversal of the burden of proof in TPPU in the Supreme Court’s Rulings No. 1454 K/ Pid.Sus/2011, No. 527 K/ Pid.Sus/2014, and No. 336K/ Pid.Sus/2015, and how about the obstacles and their solution for reversal of the burden of proof in the case of TPPU. Reversal of the burden of proof should be applied in the level of investigation because TPPU is an extraordinary crime so that extraordinary treatment should also be applied since TPPU has great impact on the State’s economic condition. Therefore, TPPU should have shortcut in its process so that the State’s loss can optimally (effectively and efficiently) be solved.

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