Paving block workers are included in the informal sector and have a risk of lower back pain. Documenting the workers’ health status in the informal sector has not been done well so that workers do not get protection from the government. Heavy physical work puts pressure on the spine associated with repeated body twisting. This study aims to determine work attitude, length of employment, and exercise habits related to low back pain in Pontianak paving block workers in 2018. This type of research is observational with a cross-sectional approach. Sampling uses total sampling. The research sample of 56 paving block workers in the city of Pontianak, West Kalimantan. Data is processed with a computer program. Data analysis was performed univariate and bivariate and tested using the Chi-square test, with α = 5%. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between the length of the work (p = 0.013), work attitude (p-value = 0.038), and exercise habits (p = 0.003) with low back pain.

Microscopic examination results in patients with filariasis are often not identified by the presence of microfilaria, so it needs to be checked by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). One PCR method uses High-Resolution Melting (HRM). The purpose of this study was to compare qPCR-HRM with microscopic examination methods to determine the types of microfilaria found in patients with filariasis. 19 samples were examined using a microscopic method and qPCR-HRM. The results of microscopic examination found no type of microfilaria and in qPCR-HRM identified B.malayi and W.bancrofti with peak temperature melting 78.1-78.7 ℃ and 80.2-80.8 ℃. The results of the study based on the comparison of two methods show that the types of microfilaria W.bancrofti and B.malayi can be found using qPCR-HRM.

<p><strong>Pendahuluan: </strong><em>Coronavirus disease </em>2019 (COVID-19) merupakan pandemi global yang menimbulkan manifestasi klinis yang luas termasuk gejala gastrointestinal. Beberapa studi telah meneliti tingkat keparahan dan mortalitas COVID-19 dengan manifestasi gastrointestinal, tetapi hanya di tingkat regional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggabungkan beberapa literatur tentang keparahan dan mortalitas akibat COVID-19 dengan manifestasi gastrointestinal di beberapa pusat studi dari berbagai negara.</p><p><strong>Metode: </strong>Studi ini merupakan studi meta-analisis. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan data sekunder yang diperoleh dari proses pencarian dan pemilihan data dari studi klinis di seluruh dunia. Pencarian artikel melalui database yang sistematik dan komprehensif dari PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, ProQuest, dan Springer Link. Artikel dikumpulkan dengan diagram PRISMA, dilakukan telaah kritis menggunakan PRISMA checklist dan analisis PICO kemudian data dianalisis dengan menggunakan perangkat Review Manager 5.4.1 dengan <em>Random Effect Model</em> (REM). Hasil analisis yang didapatkan berupa besarnya efek, heterogenitas dan model studi.</p><p><strong>Hasil: </strong>Berdasarkan analisis data dari berbagai studi di beberapa negara, hasil menunjukkan bahwa gejala gastrointestinal tidak memiliki hubungan signifikan terhadap peningkatan keparahan (aOR 0.77; 95% CI 0.35-1.70; I²=0.73; p=0.52) dan mortalitas  (aOR 0.87; 95% CI 0.34-2.21; I²=0.63; p=0.77) COVID-19.</p><p><strong>Kesimpulan: </strong>Pasien COVID-19 dengan gejala gastrointestinal lebih kecil kemungkinannya untuk mengalami penyakit yang parah serta mortalitas dibandingkan pasien tanpa gejala gastrointestinal.</p><p><strong>Kata Kunci: </strong><strong>Gejala Gastrointestinal, COVID-19, Faktor Prognosis, Keparahan, Kematian.</strong></p>

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