Development of mine pit and overburden disposal has caused dynamic changes in the catchment area of Ukud River, one of the rivers that flow through Lati Mining Operation. The maximum discharge of the river reached 13m 3 /second and the catchment area occupied a total area of 1901.7 hectares. Since the mining operations started, the river discharge fluctuations have changed considerably. In addition, the catchment area that was dominated by overburden disposal area contained sulphide minerals that potentially degrade the water quality of Ukud River due to the formation of acid mine drainage. Hydrological studies are essential to investigate potential environmental impacts of the mining activities. This study was conducted to determine the characteristics of the hydrologic systems in the mining area using semi-distributed models that can be used to simulate the river flow within catchment area.

Encapsulation is a typical method used to prevent potential acid mine drainage (AMD) in overburden piles. In this method, Potentially Acid-Forming (PAF) material is covered with either Non-Acid-Forming (NAF) material or alkaline material to minimize water infiltration and/or oxygen diffusion through rock pores. The physical and chemical characteristics and thickness of the NAF material layer are critical factors affecting the successful prevention of AMD. Therefore, this study evaluated the method of NAF material layering using laboratory-scale column leaching tests. NAF layers with a ratio of 25 and 50% were used to cover PAF material containing pyrite and jarosite sourced from the Sangatta and Bengalon mining areas, East Kalimantan. The physical and chemical characteristics of leachate collected from samples watered on a weekly wet-dry cycle were analyzed by kinetic tests over a period of 23 weeks. The results showed a trend of increasing pH values and decreasing sulfate and metal concentrations in the leachate. This study shows that NAF layering is an effective method to prevent or minimize the generation of AMD.

Because of the burgeoning urban population, there is huge pressure on both natural resources and basic urban infrastructure, especially sewerage systems, with Indonesia as no exception. It is estimated that about 95% of human waste in Indonesia ends up untreated or partially treated in septic tanks before being discharged in the natural environment, contaminating the living environment as well as adversely affecting human health and economic development. This study conducted a comprehensive investigation on septage management in Bandung City, Indonesia, to gain a better understanding of the challenges and opportunities for improved performance of on-site sanitation systems as well as septage management across its sanitation service chain. The results showed that the following issues are the main reasons behind poor sanitation in Bandung city: a) poor design and construction of septic tanks with no or only partial lining, resulting in leaking (>90% of septic tanks are malfunctioning); b) irregular desludging, i.e. about 2/3 of population desludge their septic tanks only once in more than 5 years; c) lack of proper guidelines and awareness about the benefits of regular monitoring and operation of septic tanks; d) lack of good sanitation service providers; and e) lack of funds for building sufficient capacity of septage treatment plants.

Pengelolaan air limbah domestik di Indonesia masih dihadapkan dengan cukup banyak tantangan teknis maupun non-teknis. Beberapa data menunjukkan masih terdapat 10,41% penduduk Indonesia yang memiliki perilaku buang air besar sembarangan dan 32,1% penduduk belum memiliki pengelolaan sanitasi yang layak. Sebagai negara yang memiliki populasi 260 juta jiwa, terbesar keempat di dunia, dan luas mencapai 2 juta km2, Indonesia terus berupaya untuk meningkatkan akses masyarakat terhadap pengelolaan air limbah domestik yang efektif dan efisien. Hal ini dilakukan sebagai upaya untuk mencapai pembangunan berkelanjutan yang menyeimbangan antara pembangunan ekonomi dan pelestarian lingkungan. Denpasar, sebagai salah satu kota besar pariwisata di Indonesia, memiliki kepentingan terhadap upaya peningkatan pengelolaan air limbah domestik agar tidak memberikan dampak negatif terhadap industri pariwisata. Hasil studi menujukkan bahwa pengelolaan air limbah domestik di Kota Denpasar masih didominasi dengan sistem setempat yakni sebesar 96,8% dari total populasi. Sebesar 3% dari populasi telah dilayani oleh sistem jaringan perpipaan terpusat dan 0,2% populasi masih memiliki perilaku buang air besar sembarangan. Sistem setempat dipandang masih menjadi solusi terbaik dalam pengelolaan air limbah domestik di kota-kota Indonesia. Namun, sistem ini dinilai masih memiliki cukup banyak permasalahan terkait dengan institusi pengelolaan, finansial, infrastruktur pengolahan setempat, dan kebijakan atau regulasi. Oleh karena itu, Kota Denpasar memiliki tantangan yang besar untuk memastikan sistem pengelolaan air limbah domestik dapat berjalan dengan baik. Makalah ini mendeskripsikan kondisi eksisting sistem pengelolaan air limbah domestik setempat di Kota Denpasar yang meliputi sub-sistem pengolahan setempat, sub-sistem pengangkutan lumpur tinja, dan sub-sistem pengolahan lumpur tinja. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menjadi dasar dalam pengembangan model pengelolaan air limbah domestik setempat di Kota Denpasar.

ABSTRAK Di Indonesia, operasional penambangan batubara umumnya melibatkan tenaga kerja dengan jumlah yang besar. Kondisi ini memberikan tantangan tersendiri dalam pengelolaan dampak lingkungan yang berpotensi timbul dari aktivitas manusia. Salah satu potensi tersebut yakni air limbah domestik. Air limbah domestik merupakan air limbah yang berasal dari aktivitas hidup sehari-hari manusia yang berhubungan dengan pemakaian air. Di area operasional pertambangan, air limbah domestik dapat timbul dari area pemukiman karyawan dan perkantoran. Karena potensi dampaknya terhadap lingkungan, air limbah domestik harus diolah sebelum dialirkan ke badan air penerima. Sejak tahun 1990an, diawal operasi penambangan, Kaltim Prima Coal (KPC) telah membangun dan mengoperasiokan Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah Domestik (IPALD) untuk mengolah air limbah domestik yang bersumber dari pemukiman karyawan dan perkantoran. Terdapat 12 IPALD dengan teknologi lumpur aktif yang beroperasi di area KPC. Lumpur aktif merupakan salah satu teknologi pengolahan air limbah domestik dengan memanfaatkan peran bakteri aerob untuk mendegradasi material organik yang terkandung didalam air limbah domestik. Makalah ini disajikan untuk mendeskripsikan performa teknologi lumpur aktif yang digunakan dalam IPALD KPC dan tantangan yang dihadapi dalam pengoperasiannya. Salah satu tantangan yang dihadapi yakni pemenuhan baku mutu yang tertuang dalam Keputusan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan No. P. 68 Tahun 2016 tentang Baku Mutu Air Limbah Domestik. Baku mutu terbaru mengatur konsentrasi efluen IPALD lebih ketat dari sebelumnya dan terdapat paramater baru, diantaranya amoniak yang memerlukan perhatian dalam pengoperasian IPALD. Kata kunci: air limbah domestik, lumpur aktif, ipald  ABSTRACT In Indonesia, coal mining operations generally involve a huge number of workers. This condition causes its own challenges in managing environmental impacts that potentially generated from human activities. One of them is domestic wastewater. Domestic waste water is waste water that comes from activities of daily living of humans related to water usage. In mining operations, domestic wastewater is generated from office and residential areas. Because of the potential impact on the environment, domestic wastewater must be treated before flowing to natural water bodies. Since the beginning of mining operations in 1990s, PT Kaltim Prima Coal has been building and operating Domestic Wastewater Treatment Plant (IPALD) to treat domestic wastewater resulting from offices and residential areas. There are 12 IPALDs with activated sludge technology operating in the KPC area. Active sludge is one of the domestic wastewater treatment technologies by utilizing the role of aerobic bacteria to degrade organic material contained in domestic wastewater. This paper is presented to describe the performance of activated sludge technology used in the KPC’s IPALD and the challenges faced in its operation. One of the challenges faced is the fulfillment of water quality standards in Minister of Environment and Forestry Decree No. P. 68 of 2016 concerning Domestic Wastewater Quality Standards. The latest quality standards regulate the effluent concentration of IPALD more stringent than before and there are new parameters, including ammonia which requires attention in the operation of IPALD. Keywords: domestic waste water, activated sludge, ipald