English is becoming more and more important language in th2 21 st century. To respond this condition, some countries start introducing English to their school students earlier. In the newest Curriculum 2013, Indonesian government changes the status of English in elementary school to be an extracurricular activity which was stated as a local content in the previous curriculum. This policy becomes a great concern for some teachers and educators in Indonesia. To address this problem, the writer try to analyze it by proposing three problems; How is the implementation of teaching English as a foreign language in Elementary schools, What are the problems in teaching English in Elementary schools, and What are the challenges of teaching English in Elementary schools. Data were collected from previous research findings, and find out that many elementary schools still teach English with some problem such as unqualified teachers and unsatisfactory learning outcome. Thus, it is challenge for all the stake holders, especially government and higher education institutions.

In general, the aim of the research was to examine the contribution of communication and motivation to Mathematics learning outcomes indirectly through learning discipline. Specifically, the objectives of this study were: 1) to examine the contribution of communication, motivation, and discipline to Mathematics learning outcomes; and 2) to examine the contribution of communication and motivation to the discipline of learning mathematics. The type of the research is correlational quantitative. The populations of the study were 704-grade X students of SMK Negeri 1 Jenang Ponorogo. The research’s samples were 255 students determined by the Slovin formula. The sampling employed proportional random sampling by lottery. The data analysis technique used was path analysis. The results of the study are: 1) interindividual communication, learning motivation, and learning discipline did not contribute simultaneously at α = 0.05 to mathematics learning outcomes; 2) interindividual communication and learning motivation contribute simultaneously to learning discipline at α = 0.05 (with the amount of the contribution of 31.8%; and 3) communication between individuals affects Mathematics learning outcomes indirectly through learning discipline at α = 0.05, amounting to 0.514. Learning motivation affects Mathematics learning outcomes indirectly through learning discipline at α = 0.05, amounting to 0.09.

Speaking is one of the most important skills in English. Speaking English in public is difficult for Indonesian students because English is learnt as foreign language. Speaking practice should be done continually and effectively. Personal presentation is used as a practice method for students to be able to speak in public. By combining digital technology and education, the objectives of this study are (1) classifying the time allotment of personal documentation video done by students; (2) describing the topics of personal documentation video done by students; (3) describing the speaking problems faced by students; and (4) classifying the advantages of students by composing personal documentation video. This descriptive qualitative study analyzed data in the form of speaking recorded in video projects done by students and interviewed result with the students. After classifying the data based on the duration of the videos, it was found that there are 21 videos (25,30%) which have duration less than 7 minutes, 52 videos (62,65%) which fulfill the duration requirement in 7 -10 minutes, and there are 10 videos (12,05%) which have more than 10 minutes duration. It shows students' vocabulary mastery in describing something. The common topics used by students in the project were hometown, hobbies, describing things, and tourism or travel experiences. This study found that the common problem in speaking is the lack of confidence caused by the lack of vocabulary, grammar, fluency and pronunciation. This study also finds the advantages of students' developments in speaking skill for presentation after composing personal documentation video project.