Small and medium-sized enterprises are an important part of the economy of every country. These enterprises operate in a highly competitive environment and are especially exposed to rapid changes in the business environment. Therefore, one of the most important issues which they face is effective business planning (BP), especially in relation to the projects which they carry out. This is because business planning provides an opportunity to take the risks inherent in the activities of an enterprise into account and providing coordination of the production and economic processes. Given these facts, our study analyses the process of business planning administration in small enterprises. Its main aim is to develop methodological recommendations for the administration of business planning processes through the utilization of innovative tools. It should simplify the business planning of projects and make it more relevant and effective. The administration of business planning is presented as a complex process which is modelled with the utilization of a roadmapping approach. We suggest using the business canvas as one of the milestones of the model, which is especially suitable for the visualization of future business plans. A single case study analysis based on the private company Gal-Exim PC and its innovation project planning was chosen as the research method. The company's core business and main innovation projects are in sphere of commercial real estate operations. Our analysis confirmed that the proposed model may be regarded as an effective instrument of BP in small enterprises. It has a universal nature and therefore may be utilized in other companies as well. Implications for Central European audience: Our study is based on the most modern world trends and practical research in sphere of business planning. The proposed model has a universal nature and may be easily implemented in any European small or mediumsized companies. The proposed roadmap of business planning administration includes instruments which are accessible and may be used by companies regardless of the region. We deliberately based our analysis on the company which provides a variety of innovative projects with utilization of European and world trends in sphere of commercial real estate operations, thus we assume that the suggested study may make a positive contribution to the Central European business environment generally.

The current concept of open innovation corresponds to the R&D products transfer model -"role changes". One of the fundamental provisions of the model is that R&D products are considered for commercialization not only at the final stage of technological readiness, but at any of them. In today's changing market environment, special attention is paid to the transfer and commercialization of R&D products at the early stages of readiness, but this process is characterized by significant problems from the point of view of technological forecasting. To solve the problems, the article substantiates the method of technological forecasting of market behaviour of R&D products at the early stages of technological readiness, which is based on taking into account the strengths and weaknesses, development factors and limiting factors of R&D product. The method allows you to predict indicators of product behaviour relative to the market where its commercialization is planned. As a component of the above method and in order to increase the level of reliability of calculations and validity of results, a method for determining the correction factor of indicators of market behaviour of R&D product has been developed. The method was developed on the basis of fuzzy set theory algorithms using the fuzzy logic toolbox (MATLAB), which made it possible to integrate a set of different types of forecast data on the market behaviour of an R&D product, taking into account the relationships and interdependencies between them, into one correction factor. This coefficient contains the characteristics of signs of the impact of R&D product on the market (in particular, market effects, types of market changes) and the impact of market effects on R&D product (effects generated by R&D products, organizational and technological changes in R&D products). To justify the correction factor, a knowledge base of responses from subject area experts has been formed. In order to further select a commercialization strategy for R&D product, a system with normative indicators has been developed that interpret the following types of strategies: zero-level commercialization of R&D product; first-level commercialization of R&D product; commercialization of the second level of R&D product. The author's method of technological forecasting of market behaviour of R&D products and choosing a commercialization strategy for a product is universal, can be applied to R&D product of any type of economic activity, transfer method, etc. Testing of the method on the example of a number of R&D products presented by the developers of the Lviv Polytechnic National University (Lviv, Ukraine) showed the validity of the author's method and its relevance in modern conditions of market singularity.

Розглянуто теоретичні та методологічні підходи до визначення сутності поняття "стрес" та класифікації видів стресів. Вивчено функцію, роль та призначення стрес-менеджменту на підприємствах різних галузей. Розкрито вплив певних видів стресів на прийняття управлінських рішень щодо діяльності підприємства та створення потрібного мікроклімату для його ефективного функціонування. Наведено класифікацію стресів за класифікаційними ознаками та наявні можливості боротьби з ними за допомогою різноманітних інструментів, що відповідають потрібним критеріям. Оцінено вплив стресових ситуацій безпосередньо на ефективність діяльності колективу досліджуваного підприємства, виділено позитивні та негативні наслідки стресової ситуації. Зроблено висновки про можливості виокремлення шляхів боротьби із стресом та наведено конкретні приклади їх застосування. Охарактеризовано варіанти застосування запропонованих заходів боротьби зі стресом на підприємствах та здійснено опис позитивних та негативних наслідків використання коучингу для покращення управління в умовах стресу. Запропоновано напрями для здійснення подальших досліджень, пов'язаних із зменшенням негативного впливу стресових ситуацій, що можуть виникати на підприємствах з тих чи інших причин. Ключові слова: стрес, управління у стресових ситуаціях, організаційна поведінка, коучинг, управлінське рішення.

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