No abstract

Аннотация В статье рассматривается неблагоприятное воздействие на здоровье людей остаточных количеств антибиотиков, содержащихся в мясных, молочных и других продуктах животного происхождения, позволяет выделить следующие основные виды такого воздействия: сенсибилизирующее и аллергическое действие; дисбактериозы; возрастание резистентности микроорганизмов; токсическое, тератогенное и мутагенное действие. Ключевые слова: антибиотики, продукты питания, остаточное количество, влияние на организм, дисбактериозы, резистентность микроорганизмов, аллергическое действие, токсическое действие.

The fight against infectious animal diseases has resulted in a change in the etiological structure of infectious agents. This is associated with the variability of bacteria and the involvement of opportunistic microorganisms in the infectious process. The emergence and development of the pathological process are largely determined by the reduction in the colonization resistance of the gastrointestinal tract shell and the persistent properties of microorganisms. This paper aims to study the antilysozyme activity of enterobacteria isolated from sick calves with signs of acute intestinal disorders and evaluate the effect of antimicrobial drugs on the antilysozyme activity of enterobacteria in vitro. For this purpose, the suspension of an enterobacteria culture was incubated together with the studied antibiotic, followed by the determination of the anti-lysozyme activity and statistical data processing. Data analysis showed that the anti-lysozyme activity of enterobacteria, when exposed to antimicrobial agents, depended on the agent under study and was determined by the specific characteristics of the microorganism. Most of the studied antibiotics had a predominantly inhibitory effect on the antilysozyme activity of Escherichia coli, and the persistent potential of bacteria of the Proteus genus was enhanced by the same antimicrobial agents.

Methods of modern control of infectious animal diseases have led to a change in the etiological structure of infectious agents. Irrational use of antibiotic therapy may be the cause of bacterial variability and involvement in the infectious process of opportunistic bacteria that are present in the normal microflora of the animal body. Opportunistic bacteria are the cause of many animal diseases. Infections caused by them have a prolonged character, the pathogenetic basis of which is the persistence of the pathogen in the host body. Bacterial exotoxins damage the plasma membrane of cells. Pore-forming toxins and enzymes disrupt the selective entry and exit of ions through the plasma membrane. This group of toxins includes cytolysins, hemolysins of gram-negative opportunistic enterobacteria, leukotoxins, metalloproteases, and lipases. When pores are formed under the action of hemolysin, secondary processes are triggered that cause the development of pathological consequences. The vaccines and serums produced by biofactories lag behind the practical needs in terms of antigenicity and do not provide protection for newborn calves in the system of anti-epizootic measures. Of particular importance in the etiopathogenesis of acute intestinal disorders is a decrease in colonization resistance of the gastrointestinal mucosa, resulting in an expansion of the spectrum of pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms that lead to the development of diarrhea.