The sandpile cellular automata, despite the simplicity of their basic rules, are adequate mathematical models of real-world systems, primarily open nonlinear systems capable to self-organize into the critical state. Such systems surround us everywhere. Starting from processes at microscopic distances in the human brain and ending with large-scale water flows in the oceans. The detection of critical transitions precursors in sandpile cellular automata will allow progress significantly in the search for effective early warning signals for critical transitions in complex real systems. The presented paper is devoted to the detection and investigation of such signals based on multifractal analysis of the time series of falls of the cellular automaton cells. We examined cellular automata in square lattice and random graphs using standard and facilitated rules. It has been established that log wavelet leaders cumulant are effective early warning measures of the critical transitions. Common features and differences in the behavior of the log cumulants when cellular automata transit into the self-organized critical state and the self-organized bistability state are also established.

The article discusses the main directions of the study of staffi ng innovative processes. Today, the initial indicators of innovative abilities of the personnel is considered to be the level of professional education of employees and their qualifi cations. Supporting this provision, the authors note that often the problem is not only in the level of vocational education, training of qualifi ed specialists and scientists, but also in the need to change the personality of these personnel, their maximum motivation for creativity and initiative. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the composition of indicators that can be used to characterize the personnel in the formation of the integrated assessment of innovation potential. As the results of the conducted research, the analytical data characterizing the modern composition of personnel of the national science are presented. Characteristics of staffi ng personnel engaged in research and development, in terms of number and composition, are supplemented by an analysis of the movement of this category of personnel.

The Innovation Potential Indicator looks at behaviors that aff ect how new ideas, processes and products are generated, developed and implemented. For organizations fueled by new ideas and constant change, this assessment bridges the gap between what you know about someone in the present and their future potential for innovation and creativity. In article for increase of innovative potential of the organizations a number of indicators is off ered, their role in activization of innovative business processes is defi ned. In addition, the concept of innovative potential is clarifi ed and the analysis of existing methods for assessing innovative potential is carried out. The model of innovative potential including the following modules is off ered: researches and developments; new products; technological fl exibility, high technologies; the organization and management of human resources; information technologies; fi nancing of innovations; transfer of innovations; partnership and cooperation; innovative intelligent system; innovative methods. Barriers and prospects of development of innovative potential in Russia and its regions are defi ned.

The article is dedicated to the problems of international educational standards. The areas in which at present at the national and international levels active work is underway on standardization and drawing up a unifi ed system of requirements are identifi ed. The defi nition of educational activity, which is understood as a purposeful activity involving a certain form of communication aimed at learning, is clarifi ed. The stages of development of standards of the Bologna process are allocated. In accordance with the main objectives and requirements of the Bologna process, the main standards and guidelines for assessing and ensuring the quality of higher education developed and published by ENQA are grouped into three groups: internal standards for ensuring the quality of education; standards for assessing the quality of the educational process by the external environment; standards for the activities of specialized agencies for assessing the quality of education. It covers major aspects of internal and external quality standards.

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