Sugarcane Bagasse is a cheap agro-based waste material. These biomass materials have a lot of potential to be converted into useful products such as carbon. Sugarcane Bagasse was extracted by Sodium Hydroxide. Several characterizations has been done to analyse the chemical properties of Sugarcane Bagasse  after extraction by Sodium Hydroxide including FTIR, XRF, HPLC and SEM-EDS. SEM shows an increases in  internal surface area of the lignocellulose particles, as well as weakening the structural while EDS shows 60.59 % content of carbon. HPLC results show some peak at different retention time. The organic compound can be observed by at retention time 9.611 minute with 66.428 % height and it was identified as schaftoside. FTIR shows that when peak at 1096 cm-1 to 1638 cm-1 there was presence of H-O-H (water adsorption). The element with the highest concentration that are found by using XRF in untreated sugarcane bagasse is water, H2O (98.5 %), followed by Sodium, Na (0.669 %), and Sulfur, S (0.638 %). The concentration of each element were decreasing (except H2O) after being treated with NaOH. Sugarcane bagasse which is treated with alkaline solution is more suitable to be applied in the industry compared to acidic solution. This is due to the high reactivity of acidic solution that may damage the entire structural compounds of sugarcane bagasse

In the title compound, C16H17N3OS, the dihedral angle between the planes of the benzene and pyridine rings is 71.33 (15)°. An intra­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bond is present. In the crystal, weak aromatic C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol­ecules into chains extending along a.

This research study of xrd characterization analysis of organic filler comprise waste banana peel and waste egg shell as matrix and reinforcement in bio-composite thin film. Banana peel fibers exhibit good renewable material for the substitution of bio based composite. The banana peel and egg shell were separately cut into smaller pieces and boiled for 20 min before drying in oven at temperature 80 ˚C for 30 min. These pieces were then ground using mechanical blender into fine powder sizes ranging from 80-100 µm,. This bio-composite thin film will investigate by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis to determine of crystallinity of a compound, distinguishing between amorphous and crystalline material and to quantification of the percent crystalline of a bio-composite thin film. shows that the sharp peaks on egg shell graph at 2Ɵ = 28˚ and 42˚which represent the CaCO3 and it has high crystallinity degree which is 82.9% compared to banana peel.

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In this study, the optimization and kinetic analysis on the effect of process parameters for the production of hyaluronic acid production by S. zooepidemicus were performed in batch system. The fermentation condition such as inoculum size (2 to 20 %), pH (4 to 10), temperature (30 to 45) and agitation (50 to 500) were optimized using “one-factor-at-a-time” method. It was found that the inoculum size of 10 % had the greatest effect on the fermentation process which gave the highest value of specific growth rate, cell biomass and HA production of 0.72 h−1, 1.96 gl−1 and 0.82 gl−1, respectively. Furthermore, the other process parameters such as pH, temperature and agitation speed were also found to improve the cell biomass, HA production and kinetic analysis. The highest cell biomass (0.17 gcell gglucose−1) and HA yield (0.096 gHA g glucose−1) were obtained at pH 7.0, 37 °C and agitation speed 300 rpm for 12 h. The overall kinetics analysis of maximum specific growth rate, volumetric cell biomass productivity and volumetric HA productivity obtained at optimum parameters were, 0.81 h−1, 0.183 gcell l−1 h−1 and 0.111 gHA l−1 h−1, respectively.