Background: Renal tumours are 16th most common malignancies in the world accounting for 2.2% of all new malignancies and 1.8% of all cancer deaths. Histopathological classification of renal tumours along with tumour grade and stage is proven to have prognostic value. Material and Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted in Department of Pathology at B.P. Koirala Memorial Cancer Hospital Bharatpur from January 2017 to December 2019 including cases of partial and radical nephrectomies of patients more than sixteen years of age. Results: Total 78 nephrectomy specimens were received out of which 70 (89.7% consisted of malignant tumour and 8 (10.3%) were benign lesions. Clear cell type renal cell carcinoma was the most common malignant tumour consisting of 57 (81.4%) cases of renal cell carcinoma, followed by papillary type 9(12.9%), Cchromophobe (4.3%) and one case (1.3%) of multiloculated cystic renal neoplasm was noted. Renal cell carcinoma was seen in age range of 26 to 80 years with majority of patients more than 50 years of age, while a small peak (14.3%) was noted in female patients of 31 to 40 years of age. Conclusions: This study found increased incidence of renal cell carcinoma among female patients of 31 to 40 years of age in contrast to studies done in the Western population.

Background: Breast lumps are the commonest presentation in surgical outpatient clinics in females. Breast is a complex organ structure. It shows a wide range of pathologies from benign inflammatory lesions to invasive life threatening lesions. Breast cancer has become the commonest cancer in females after cervix cancer also in Nepal. Modern diagnostic facilities have helped a lot for early detection of breast lesions and treatment. The present study was conducted at a tertiary cancer center in Nepal that focused on the identification of histopathological spectrum of breast biopsies received and their relations with epidemiological variables. Methods: This is a retrospective study of all the breast biopsies which were received, processed and analysed at Department of Pathology at B.P. Koirala Memorial Cancer Hospital from January to December 2019. The data were retrieved from the Department of Pathology. They were entered in Microsoft excel. Results: A total 216 breast tissues specimen of true-cut biopsy and lumpectomy were examined in the year 2019. The age range was from 18-75 years. There were 37.1% benign cases and 62.9% of malignant. There were 7 male patients in this study. Most of the cases belonged to age group of 40-49 years. Conclusion: This study shows the burden of breast cancer in Nepal. It also highlights the importance of histopathology in breast lesions not only in diagnosing the lesion but also in predicting the prognosis. Malignant lesions of breast were frequent in this study due to our center being a cancer referral hospital. This retrospective study shows that a variety of lesions are encountered in breast and histopathology helps to differentiate between various benign and malignant lesions.

Introduction: Ovarian cancer is the seventh most commonly diagnosed cancer among women in the world. This study was conducted with the aim to find out different histological types of ovarian tumours reported at B.P. Koirala Memorial Cancer Hospital (BPKMCH), Chitwan, Nepal. Methods: This was a retrospective study carried out at the Department of Pathology of BPKMCH from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018. This study included the patients who were operated at BPKMCH or referred cases from elsewhere, but the specimen was processed and reported at BPKMCH. All the data were retrieved and analyzed from the records of Pathology Department. Results: Altogether 87 cases of ovarian tumours were reported during the study period. Out of which, 31 cases were benign ovarian tumours whereas 56 cases were malignant ovarian tumours. Both benign and malignant ovarian tumours were most common in age group 41 to 50 years of age. Among benign ovarian tumours, 12 cases were serous cystadenoma, 7 cases mucinous cystadenoma, 6 cases mature cystic teratoma, 2 cases serous cyst adenofibroma, 2 cases benign Brenner tumour and 2 endometroid cystadenoma. Among malignant ovarian tumours, 33 cases were serous cystadenocarcinoma, 11 cases mucinous cystadenocarcinoma, 2 cases immature teratoma, 3 cases were malignant sex cord stromal tumours (granulosa cell tumour), 2 cases dysgerminoma, 1 case yolk sac tumour, 1 case endometroid carcinoma and 3 cases were metastatic adenocarcinoma. Conclusion: Surface epithelial tumours were most common ovarian tumours in this study. Serous cystadenomas were most common benign ovarian tumours whereas serous cystadenocarcinomas were the most common malignant ovarian tumours.

Introduction: Head and neck cancer is the sixth most common cancer in the world. The disease burden is increasing at an alarming rate in developing Southeast Asian countries. This study aims to report the histopathological spectrum of oral cavity lesions at a tertiary cancer center in central Nepal. Methods: This study included all those cases of oral cavity lesions, of which diagnostic biopsy was done from January 2018 to December 2019. The data were retrieved from the Department of Pathology of BP Koirala Memorial Cancer Hospital. The study proposal was approved by the Institutional Review Committee at BPKMCH (Ref: 247/2020) on 28th June 2020. Results: A total of 851 cases of oral cavity lesions were included in this study. The mean age of the study population was 55.9 years, with male to female ratio of 3:1. Malignant lesions composed of 472 (55.5%) cases followed by premalignant lesion of 104 (12%). More than 453 (95%) malignant cases were squamous cell carcinoma, of which 342 (75%) were a well-differentiated type. The buccal cavity is the most common site of malignant lesion 212 (45%), followed by tongue 96 (20%) and lower gingivobuccal region 86 (18%). Conclusions: Malignant lesions are the most common histopathological fi ndings in the oral cavity lesion with squamous cell carcinoma type. Oral cancer is common cancer that can be prevented and cured if detected early.

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common cancer and also the leading cause of cancer related mortality in women worldwide which impact 2.1 million women each year. Breast cancer rates are increasing in nearly every region globally. Methods: This was retrospective study at Department of Pathology in B P Koirala Memorial Cancer Hospital effective from 15 April 2018 to 14 April 2019. All the data were retrieved and analyzed. Results: Total 205 breast cancer cases were analyzed, among them 198 cases were females accounting 96.5 %and 7 cases were males accounting 3.5 %.Among 205 cases, 181 (88.6%) cases were invasive ductal Carcinoma No Special Type. Majority of cases 111(54%) were diagnosed with Nottingham grading system grade II of breast cancer. According to our study breast cancer was most common in the age group 41-50 years (32.2%). Conclusion: Breast cancer is more common in females than in males. Most common affected age group was 41-50 years. Most common histological type was invasive ductal carcinoma NST. Similarly, left sided breast cancer was more common than right.