Background: The tumors of the salivary glands are uncommon head and neck neoplasms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relative frequencies, types, site distribution and the histopathological features of salivary gland tumors. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study of 176 cases of salivary gland tumors collected from medical record section and department of pathology at B.P.Koirala Memorial Cancer Hospital from Jan. 2005 to Dec. 2010. Tumors were analyzed based on demographics, anatomic location and histopathological type. Results: Out of 176 cases, 66 (37.5 %) were benign and 110 (62.5 %) were malignant with M:F ratio of 1.7:1. The mean age observed was 44.76 years with age range of 12 to 75 years. Pleomorphic adenoma was found to be the commonest benign tumor (72.7 %), followed by Warthin tumor (15.1%), monomorphic adenoma (3.0 %) and basal cell adenoma (3.0 %). The mucoepidermoid carcinoma was the most common malignant tumor (38.1 %), followed by adenoid cystic carcinoma (25.4%), acinic cell carcinoma (10.9%), adenocarcinoma NOS (6.3%), carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (5.4%) and unclassified malignant tumor (4.5 %). Parotid was the most common site for the location of tumors (70.4%) followed by submandibular (19.3%) and minor salivary glands (10.2 %). Conclusion: Pleomorphic adenoma was the commonest salivary gland tumor observed in both sexes. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma was the most common malignant salivary gland tumor. The parotid gland was the most common site of origin in both benign and malignant tumors. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpn.v4i7.10291 Journal of Pathology of Nepal (2014) Vol. 4, 520-524

Background: Renal tumours are 16th most common malignancies in the world accounting for 2.2% of all new malignancies and 1.8% of all cancer deaths. Histopathological classification of renal tumours along with tumour grade and stage is proven to have prognostic value. Material and Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted in Department of Pathology at B.P. Koirala Memorial Cancer Hospital Bharatpur from January 2017 to December 2019 including cases of partial and radical nephrectomies of patients more than sixteen years of age. Results: Total 78 nephrectomy specimens were received out of which 70 (89.7% consisted of malignant tumour and 8 (10.3%) were benign lesions. Clear cell type renal cell carcinoma was the most common malignant tumour consisting of 57 (81.4%) cases of renal cell carcinoma, followed by papillary type 9(12.9%), Cchromophobe (4.3%) and one case (1.3%) of multiloculated cystic renal neoplasm was noted. Renal cell carcinoma was seen in age range of 26 to 80 years with majority of patients more than 50 years of age, while a small peak (14.3%) was noted in female patients of 31 to 40 years of age. Conclusions: This study found increased incidence of renal cell carcinoma among female patients of 31 to 40 years of age in contrast to studies done in the Western population.

Background and Objective: Liquid based cytology was introduced at B P Koirala Memorial Cancer Hospital in Bharatpur, Chitwan, Nepal, on 29th November 2017. The objective of this study was to compare the results of conventional pap smears over six (6) months periods from 29th May 2017 to 28th November 2017 with the results of liquid based cytology smears over six (6) months periods from 29th November 2017 to 28th May 2018. Methods: This is retrospective study. The results of conventional pap smears over 6 months and the results of liquid based cytology smears over 6 months periods were retrieved and analysed to give overall reporting profiles and compared between the two methods. Results: The percentage of unsatisfactory smears fell 3.9% by conventional pap smears methods where as the percentage of unsatisfactory smears fell 1.2% by liquid based cytology smears. There was an increase in the number of smears reported as dyskaryosis of any grade by liquid based cytology methods. Conclusion: The introduction of liquid based cytology led to improvements in unsatisfactory smear rates and also with significant pick up rates of dyskaryosis were maintained and improved.

Background: Breast lumps are the commonest presentation in surgical outpatient clinics in females. Breast is a complex organ structure. It shows a wide range of pathologies from benign inflammatory lesions to invasive life threatening lesions. Breast cancer has become the commonest cancer in females after cervix cancer also in Nepal. Modern diagnostic facilities have helped a lot for early detection of breast lesions and treatment. The present study was conducted at a tertiary cancer center in Nepal that focused on the identification of histopathological spectrum of breast biopsies received and their relations with epidemiological variables. Methods: This is a retrospective study of all the breast biopsies which were received, processed and analysed at Department of Pathology at B.P. Koirala Memorial Cancer Hospital from January to December 2019. The data were retrieved from the Department of Pathology. They were entered in Microsoft excel. Results: A total 216 breast tissues specimen of true-cut biopsy and lumpectomy were examined in the year 2019. The age range was from 18-75 years. There were 37.1% benign cases and 62.9% of malignant. There were 7 male patients in this study. Most of the cases belonged to age group of 40-49 years. Conclusion: This study shows the burden of breast cancer in Nepal. It also highlights the importance of histopathology in breast lesions not only in diagnosing the lesion but also in predicting the prognosis. Malignant lesions of breast were frequent in this study due to our center being a cancer referral hospital. This retrospective study shows that a variety of lesions are encountered in breast and histopathology helps to differentiate between various benign and malignant lesions.

Introduction: Head and neck cancer is the sixth most common cancer in the world. The disease burden is increasing at an alarming rate in developing Southeast Asian countries. This study aims to report the histopathological spectrum of oral cavity lesions at a tertiary cancer center in central Nepal. Methods: This study included all those cases of oral cavity lesions, of which diagnostic biopsy was done from January 2018 to December 2019. The data were retrieved from the Department of Pathology of BP Koirala Memorial Cancer Hospital. The study proposal was approved by the Institutional Review Committee at BPKMCH (Ref: 247/2020) on 28th June 2020. Results: A total of 851 cases of oral cavity lesions were included in this study. The mean age of the study population was 55.9 years, with male to female ratio of 3:1. Malignant lesions composed of 472 (55.5%) cases followed by premalignant lesion of 104 (12%). More than 453 (95%) malignant cases were squamous cell carcinoma, of which 342 (75%) were a well-differentiated type. The buccal cavity is the most common site of malignant lesion 212 (45%), followed by tongue 96 (20%) and lower gingivobuccal region 86 (18%). Conclusions: Malignant lesions are the most common histopathological fi ndings in the oral cavity lesion with squamous cell carcinoma type. Oral cancer is common cancer that can be prevented and cured if detected early.