Background: Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) one of the most important vitamins for its normal functioning to maintain the nerve system and for their role in production of DNA. Objective: This study was aimed to measure and assess the serum Cobalamin levels in Sudanese patients with Sickle-cell disease (SCD) and compared with those without Sickle-cell disease. Materials and Method: This is a case control study conducted in Sudan during March 2015. A total of 160 volunteers were enrolled in this study. 80 were known Sudanese patients professionally diagnosed with homozygous sickle cell; their age ranged from 6 months to 15 years as patients group. Further 80 normal healthy were as control group; their age and gender were similar to patient group. Serum was prepared from clotted blood samples. The Cobalamin concentrations were measured in both groups of SCD patients and in a normal healthy control group using Enzyme Linked Immune immunosorbent assay method (ELISA), Map lap Plus-Italy. For statistical analysis, the laboratory parameters were compared between the two groups and tested for statistical significance using Statistical package for social scent (SPSS) version 20. Result: In this study the mean of serum Cobalamin in the sickle cell patients was statistically significantly lower compared with the normal non-sickle cell disease group with p value = 0.01. Conclusion: 7.1% of Sudanese sickle cell disease has a deficient serum Cobalamin (hypocobalaminemia).

Background: Recently the data has been increasing on the association between Helicobacter pylori infection and thrombocytopenia characterization specifically in developing countries. Objective: This study was aimed to evaluate platelet count and platelet indices in Helicobacter pylori infected patients. Materials and Method: This is a case control study conducted in the

Background: The elevation of plasma D-dimer levels is fully described and associated with the increase of the mortality of patients with HIV. The present study was aimed to estimate and assess the plasma D-dimer levels in HIV patient. Material and Methods: A case control study done in May 2015. A total of 100 subjects were enrolled in this study; 50 were patients professionally diagnosed by HIV; 25 (50%) were males and 25 (50%) were females; their mean age is 35 years. Further 50 normal healthy individuals as normal control group: their gender and age were matched with patient groups. The platelets poor plasma (PPP) was immediately prepared from citrated blood, then the plasma D-dimer level was measured using (MISPA-i 2 Reagent) Switzerland. Data were analyzed using statistical packing for social sciences program (SPSS) 20. Results: The D-dimer levels was significantly higher in patient with HIV compared with the normal healthy control group (Mean and STD 502.2 ± 287.8 vs 251.8 ± 152.7 P. value 0.01). Conclusion: The D-dimer level was significantly higher in patient with HIV compared with those in normal healthy control group.

Background: Many studies were made the association between the extent of the inflammatory response, increase fibrinogen level and hypercoagulability in rheumatoid arthritis. The current study aims to the investigation and finds the association of the fibrinogen, ESR and CRP levels in Sudanese patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Material and Methods: This is a case-control study, conducted at Modern Medical Center, Khartoum, Sudan, during January 2016. Totally 100 participants were chosen for this study, among them 50 were known Sudanese patients professionally diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis as case group, and the other 50 participants were normal healthy subjects as control group; their age and gender coordinated with case group. 3 ml of blood was collected in Tri Sodium citrate container, and other 3 ml in plain container. Platelet poor plasma prepared by centrifugation of tri sodium citrate container, and then plasma separated to estimate fibrinogen. Serum was prepared form clotted blood to measure CRP. The ESR was done by Westergren tube from citrated blood in one hour .The data were collected by structured interview and questionnaire, and then analyzed by using a computer program statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 20. Results: Significant elevated of the plasma fibrinogen, CRP levels and ESR were observed in subjects with rheumatoid arthritis in comparison with that normal control group with (p value 0.000). Conclusion: This study has shown that rheumatoid arthritis lead to increase level of fibrinogen, ESR and CRP. This abnormality could be contributed to the hypercoagulability phenomenon.

Background: The association between pulmonary tuberculosis and a hypercoagulable state is well documented. An increased D-dimer level is linked with increasing the mortality of pulmonary tuberculosis infection. Objective: The current study aimed to the estimation and assessment of the D-dimer levels in Sudanese patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Material and Methods: This is a case control study that was conducted during