Cancer is one of the most common diseases around the world and the second leading cause of death after cardiovascular disease. Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer type among Iraqi women, as it represents the highest percentage of malignant tumors in women until 2018. Therefore, women should be aware of the aggravation of this disease, the importance of the periodic examination for early detection for breast cancer, and following the most appropriate means for the treatment to get recovered and, thus, to reduce mortality. To fight cancer, there is an urgent need to search for new effective anticancer therapies that alter the molecular biology of tumor cells, stimulate the immune system, or specifically deliver chemotherapy factors directly to cancer cells without affecting normal cells and reducing the side effects of treatments. In this context, this paper aimed to highlight the therapeutic approaches used in the current researches of breast cancer treatment. Accumulated evidence showed that medicinal plant extracts, and can serve as anticancer agents. The proposed mechanisms were discussed and presented in this review.

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Objective: Synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in liquids were investigated as anticancer cells in the present study. Cytotoxic activities of six different concentrations 0.78, 1.56, 3.125, 6.25, 12.5, and 25 μg/ml of AgNPs against human breast cancer cell line (AMJ13) and lymphocytes were assessed with MTT assay.Methods: A Q-Switched Nd: YAG pulsed laser (λ=1064 nm, 800 mJ/pulse) was used for ablation of a pure silver plate to synthesis AgNPs in the polyvinylpyrrolidone and deionize distilled water. Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy confirmed the synthesis of AgNPs and zeta potential was evaluated. Morphology and size were analyzed by transmission electron microscope. AgNPs concentrations were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Possibilities of apoptosis induction were confirmed using mitochondrial membrane potential assay, DNA fragmentation assay, and glutathione (GSH) assay.Results: The results indicated that AgNPs were able to induce an inhibition of AMJ13 cells compared their damaging effect toward normal lymphocytes were at minimal according to viability with MTT assay.. Furthermore, these results suggested that AgNPs-induced mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis cause DNA fragmentation, but no significant change in GSH level in AMJ13 cells.Conclusions: The overall results indicated that the physically synthesized AgNPs were exhibited dose-dependent cell death in AMJ13 breast cancer cell line, while the effect of AgNPs on lymphocytes was very low, suggesting that physically synthesized AgNPs might be a potential alternative agent for human breast cancer therapy.

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Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) coated with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was prepared by pulsed laser ablation method inPVP solution, 1000 pluse was used with laser energy of 800 mJ/pulse. Formation of AgNPs-PVP was confirmed by UVvisiblespectrophotometer detecting surface plasmon resonance chang in the abilation solution. Concentration of AgNPs, sizedistribution, and surface charge of the ablated AgNPs in the produced solution was determined using atomic absorbtion spectroscopyand zeta potential analysis respectivly. Nanoparticles shape was determined using transmission electron microscopeimaging. Ability of the senthezied AgNPs to inhibit the growth of cancer cells was compared to that of normal fibroblast cellsusing two cancer cell lines (HeLa and SKOV-3) in different concentrations (0.78, 1.56, 3.125, 6.25, 12.5 and 25μg/ml). Theapoptosis events were also detected in both types of cancer cell lines using mitochondrial membrane permeability, nuclearmorphology, and genomic DNA fragmentation. The contribution of AgNPs to the levels of glutathione s-transferase was alsodetermined. According to the results, AgNPs size was 28.43nm with spherical shape and peak UV-Vis absorbance rangedbetween 402-410nm. Concentration of AgNPs in ablated solution was 50μg/ml and used as stock concentration in cell linesexperiments. Ablated silver nanoparticles was capable of inhibit the growth of both HeLa and SKOV-3 cancer cell lines indose and time dependent manner, whereas it was less inhibitory against normal fibroblast cells. All three apoptosis detectionmethod conducted indicated positive characteristics for apoptosis, while GSH levels did not varied significantly in both HeLaand SKOV-3 cells.Keywords: AgNPs, cancer cells, metal silver, Cytotoxicity, MTP, DNA fragmentation, GSH.